Philosophers
This English thinker argued that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
Many Enlightenment thinkers believed government power should come from who?
The people
This Enlightenment idea says power should be split among branches to prevent any one person or group from becoming too powerful.
Separation of Powers
The Declaration of Independence states that "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
What idea are these similar to?
Natural Rights
This group of Enlightenment thinkers wrote books and essays to spread new ideas about government and rights.
Philosophers
This French philosopher used humor championed freedom of speech and criticized intolerance.
Voltaire
This type of government became more popular because Enlightenment thinkers criticized absolute monarchies.
Democracy or Republic
The belief that government gets its power from the people is called this.
Consent of the governed
What Enlightenment idea says people have the right to overthrow a government that does not protect their rights?
Social Contract
According to John Locke, how do you get your natural rights?
You are born with them
This thinker proposed the social contract idea in "The Social Contract" and believed that sovereignty belonged to the people.
Rousseau
The Enlightenment challenged this type of ruler who held total power.
Monarchy
What are your three natural rights?
Life, liberty, property
Both the American and French Revolutions were inspired by what time period?
The Enlightenment
This is the idea that people should use reason and logic to understand the world instead of tradition or superstition.
Reason/Rational thinking
Identify the philosopher who wrote that humans in a "state of nature" are solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short, and who supported a strong absolute ruler.
Hobbes
This Enlightenment thinker encouraged people to “dare to know” and think for themselves instead of blindly following authority.
Kant
What is having the ability to speak and your mind and criticize the government called?
Freedom of speech
People in both the American and French Revolutions wanted more of this in government.
Freedom/Liberty
Enlightenment thinkers often met in these social gatherings to share and debate ideas.
Salons
He believed in separating the government into 3 different branches so that no one could get too much power.
Montesquieu
This Enlightenment thinker helped create the Encyclopedia, which spread Enlightenment ideas to more people.
Diderot
The idea that government and religion should be separated is called this.
Separation of church and state.
This Enlightenment idea says that citizens should choose representatives to help run the government instead of being ruled by a king. What is that called?
Republicanism
Explain the meaning of this quote: "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
Freedom of speech- we all have the right to express our views no matter if we agree or not.