People
Who was John Locke?
A philosopher that believed everyone could learn from experience
What two thinkers started the Enlightenment?
John Locke and Thomas Hobbes
What were the five concepts that formed these philosophes beliefs?
Reason, happiness, nature, liberty and progress
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft and what did she argue?
She is an English writer and argued that men and women both need education
What three effects helped shape western civilizations?
Belief in progress, a secular outlook and individual importance
What was Voltaire fighting for?
Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, tolerance and reason
What was Hobbes outlook on people?
That they were all selfish and evil
What did Montesquieu propose about the separation of powers?
That it would keep from individuals having too much power and control over the government
Mary Wollstonecraft was an advocate for what?
Women's education
What movements did these enlightenment thinkers inspire?
American and French revolutions
What was Montesquieu's idea? What country used his idea?
The separation of powers. The United States
What were Locke's Natural Rights?
Life Liberty and Property
How did Voltaire fight intolerance?
He fought intolerance with his writings.
How did women share information about Enlightenment with others?
They met at social gatherings
What pioneers helped opened the door of growth of scientific knowledge?
Galileo and Newton
How did Rousseau's beliefs on the social contract differ from Hobbes?
Rousseau believed it was an agreement among free individuals to create a society and government. Hobbes believed it was an agreement between society and the government
How did Hobbes and Locke's views on human nature differ?
Hobbes believed humans were selfish and wicked while Locke believed people could learn from mistakes
How was Rousseau different from other philosophers?
He was different because he believed that civilization corrupted people's good nature
Besides education what is something Wollstonecraft urged women to do?
To enter male-dominated fields
What could the Scientific Revolution be explained through?
That they could be explained through mathematics
What philosopher did Mary Wollstonecraft disagree with? Why?
She disagreed with Rousseau because she believed that women and men both need education to become useful and Rousseau believed that women's education is secondary to men's
What similarities are between the two ideas?
They both protect human rights and give up rights to the government in exchange for order and protection
What did Beccaria argue?
That a person accused of a crime should get a speedy trial and torture should never be used.
How did women try to improve the status of women?
Through writings such as essays and books
When turning away from the church, what did people turn to for answers?
They turned to themselves for answers