Scientific Revolution
Which Ancient Greek thinker, known for tutoring Alexander the Great, is often referred to as being the "first scientist?"
Aristotle
What is the title of Adam Smith’s most famous work, published in 1776?
The Wealth of Nations
Which, morals or ethics, refer to what an individual feels is right or wrong?
Morals
Immanuel Kant was originally from the city of Königsberg in Prussia. Today, this city is known as Kaliningrad, and is an oblast of what Eurasian nation?
Russia
Prior to the Enlightenment, education was dominated by _______ studies.
Religious
Nicolaus Copernicus is credited for realizing that the universe was not geocentric, but instead that the Earth revolved around the sun. What is the name of Copernicus's sun-centered theory?
Heliocentric (Heliocentrism)
What economic concept is Adam Smith best known for advocating, which suggests that individuals seeking their own self-interest can lead to economic prosperity for society?
The Invisible Hand
What famous phrase is often associated with utilitarianism that highlights its focus on maximizing happiness?
“The greatest good for the greatest number.”
In Kant’s philosophy, what is the term for the moral principle that one should act only according to that maxim which one can will to become a universal law?
The Categorical Imperative
What term refers to non-religious things, especially as it refers to non-religious education, or a government that is not influenced by religion?
Secular
Which English scientist, known best for being hit on teh head with an apple, formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation?
Isaac Newton
What economic system was employed during the Age of Exploration, which limited trade between select partues, and predates Smith's capitalist theories?
Mercantilism
The Trolley Problem was created by British philosopher Philippa Foot in 1967. Which moral philosophy is best associated with the Trolley Problem?
Utilitarianism
How many formulas were a part of Kant's Categorical Imperative?
Four
Which Ivy League university was originally founded by Benjamin Franklin?
The University of Pennsylvania (UPenn)
Which 17th-century French thinker, often known as teh "Father of Modern Philosophy," is known for his famous statement, “I think, therefore I am” and supported using the Scientific Method to obtain knowledge?
René Descartes
Which two market conditions, often associated with the "invisible hand," determine the the price of an object?
Supply and demand
Jeremy Bentham believed that human behavior is mostly driven by a human's desire for _______ and the avoidance of ________.
Pleasure; pain
Kant's hypothetical Imperatives do not refer to morality but instead, refer to what an individual wants to __________, such as getting good grades.
Achieve
Who was the chief editor of the Encyclopedia?
Denis Diderot
What invention did Galileo Galilei improve upon to observe celestial bodies in greater detail, leading him to be the first human to view the rings of Saturn and the moons of Jupiter?
The telescope
Which 19th century German thinker was the most vocal opponent of Adam Smith's theories, and proposed his own economic philosophy that advocated a n equal distribution of wealth?
Karl Marx
Which body part of Jeremy Bentham's was preserved at the University College London?
His head.
Which English mathematician and scientist was especially influential on Kant's development of his Categorical Imperative?
Isaac Newton
How many articles were written in the original Encyclopedia?
72,000