Epically Epipelagic
Plankton
Fish are Friends
Awesome Adaptations
...Not Food!
100
Depth of the Epipelagic Zone
0 - 200m
Bonus: common name for the Epipelagic Zone?
100
True or False: Plankton can swim against major currents.
False! Plankton CANNOT swim against major currents.
100
What are two defining characteristics of a fish?
Possible answers: poikilothermic, chordate, fins, gills, scales
100
Tail shape that aids fish in long-distance swimming.
Lunate tail
Bonus: what is one way we can remember this tail shape and its name?
100
What main body characteristic separates sharks from bony fish?
Shark skeleton made out of cartilage.
200
What percentage of the ocean does the Epipelagic Zone make up?
2 - 3%
200
Plankton their whole life.
Holoplankton
Bonus: are these plant-like or animal-like? What is the scientific name for that?
200
What body shape helps fish to swim extra fast, due to decreased friction on the fish's body?
Fusiform shape
200
What fish body shape might be helpful for a flounder that wants to camouflage at the bottom of the ocean?
Depressiform shape
200
How do all fish breathe?
Through gills.
300
What process occurs in this zone that does not occur in any other zone?
Photosynthesis
Bonus: what is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis?
300
How do we differentiate dinoflagellates from diatoms? (1 characteristic each)
Dinoflagellates have 2 tails/flagella, a hard shell, and contribute to plankton blooms.
Diatoms have a glass cell wall and can have spines or link together to form chains.
300
Fish larva are very small, often planktonic. What type of plankton categories (2) would they fall under?
Zooplankton, meroplankton
300
How might small fish behave so that their predators have a harder time hunting them?
Swim in a school.
300
What part of the shark's body helps it stay buoyant (floating)?
Oil-filled liver.
Bonus: explain the density of oil vs. water and how that helps sharks float.
400
Describe one challenge to survival that organisms might experience in the open ocean?
No place to hide from predators, etc
Bonus: Name an adaptation that a fish/organism might have to survive this challenge.
400
Crab larvae is an example of _______, which falls under the major category of ____-plankton.
Meroplankton; zooplankton
Bonus: provide an example of an organism that is a holoplankton.
400
What can poikilothermic animals do?
Adjust their internal temperature to match the environmental temperature.
Bonus: What does "poikilothermic" mean? (hint: it's Greek)
400
Why would a shark want to have countershading on its body?
Dark on top, light on underside. Blend in with the light in the ocean, depending on where the viewer is.
400
The name for the series of fluid-filled pores on the side of the shark's body that detect movement / vibrations of prey, and pressure changes.
Lateral Line System
500
What is it called when dinoflagellates over-reproduce in one area of the ocean?
Bloom / algal bloom
Bonus: what can cause algal blooms?
500
Why are both phytoplankton and zooplankton so important to the marine ecosystem?
They are the base of the food chain/food web.
500
Name one unique characteristic of the Class Agnatha of fish.
Jawless, eel-shaped, most primitive, cartilage skeleton, no scales
500
This tail shape is like a lunate tail but has a taller upper lobe. It allows for rapid bursts of speed.
Heterocercal Tail
Bonus: what organism from class has this tail shape and how did it use its tail?
500
What organs do sharks use to sense electrical and magnetic impulses of prey?
Ampullae of Lorenzini
Bonus: Where on the body are the Ampullae located?