Basic Principles
Cultural Sensitivity
Logic
Emotion
Credibility
100
In deciding the order of your arguments, you should keep in mind this principle which states that listeners seek information they agree with and avoid contradictory information.
What is the principle of selective exposure?
100
When appealing to audiences from this type of culture, it is better to emphasize the importance of family, loyalty and national identity, but to avoid suggesting you are more competent than others; by contrast, when appealing to audiences from individualist cultures it is better to emphasize independence and uniqueness.
What is a collectivist culture?
100
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; this type of logical appeal examines several smaller cases and concludes something about the whole.
What is reasoning from specific instances?
100
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; speakers can emotionally motivate listeners by appealing to this need (described by Maslow's hierarchy) for food, water, and air.
What is physiological need?
100
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; by telling listeners about your expertise and stressing the variety and quality of your information, you can enhance this aspect of your credibility.
What is competence?
200
Since people generally change gradually, in small degrees over a period of time, then it is best for your persuasive speech to ask for this amount of change.
What is reasonable?
200
This cultural dimension is the degree to which people in a given culture perceive a difference between those who are in authority and those who are not; you might appeal to expert testimony when the difference is high and tell stories about ordinary people when the difference is low.
What is power distance?
200
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; this type of logical appeal cites something that has been observed and then makes a conclusion about the unobserved.
What is reasoning from causes and effects?
200
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; speakers can emotionally motivate listeners by appealing to this need (described by Maslow's hierarchy) for security, stability, protection, order, and law.
What is safety need?
200
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; by stressing fairness, concern for the audience and concern for enduring values, you can enhance this aspect of your credibility.
What is character?
300
In your persuasive speech, if you can get your listeners to react this way to a related issue or a smaller request then they are more likely to react this way to your thesis.
What is a yes response?
300
This cultural dimension is the degree to which people in a given culture tolerate not knowing what will happen next; you might appeal to tradition or expert testimony to reassure people with low tolerance.
What is uncertainty avoidance?
300
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; this type of logical appeal involves drawing a conclusion on the basis of the presence of clues or symptoms that frequently happen together.
What is reasoning from sign?
300
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; speakers can emotionally motivate listeners by appealing to this need (described by Maslow's hierarchy) for friendship, affection, relationships, and acceptance.
What is belonging need?
300
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; by being empathetic and demonstrating your enthusiasm and positive outlook, you can enhance this aspect of your credibility.
What is charisma?
400
In your persuasive speech, if you describe your listeners this way then they are more likely to act according to your description.
What is positive labeling?
400
These two words are used to describe cultures that, respectively, either value strength, status and success (and may be persuaded by appeals to achievement, adventure, and enjoyment), or value intimacy, relationships and fidelity (and may be persuaded by appeals to harmony and beauty).
What are masculine and feminine?
400
Making generalizations from a single story, simplifying an opposing argument to more easily refute it, and appealing to tradition ("that's how it's always been done") or popular perception ("everybody's doing it") are all examples of this.
What are fallacies of reasoning?
400
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; speakers can emotionally motivate listeners by appealing to this need (described by Maslow's hierarchy) for high self-respect, reputation, prestige, and status.
What is self-esteem need?
400
Speakers who attack their opponents' characters rather than address their opponents' arguments are engaging in this type of attack (the term is taken from the Latin meaning "to the man").
What is an ad hominem attack?
500
By showing listeners what you and they have in common, you can advance your persuasive goal by doing this with the audience.
What is identifying with the audience?
500
These two terms respectively refer to cultures which assume people know the background information so that everything need not be explicitly verbalized, or which make no such assumption and expect information to be explicitly verbalized.
What are high-context and low-context cultures?
500
Speakers who select only arguments which support their cases, who say a new proposal will open the floodgates to all sorts of catastrophes, or who say their issue is the only one that matters, are all guilty of this.
What are fallacies of reasoning?
500
Persuasion can be based on appeals to logic, emotion, and credibility; speakers can emotionally motivate listeners by appealing to this need (described by Maslow's hierarchy) for fulfillment and doing what a person is fitted to do.
What is self-actualization need.
500
These are the three general questions that a persuasive speech may address (i.e., what is or is not true; what is good or bad; what should or should not be done).
What are questions of fact, value, and policy?
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