Unit 5
List the name, goal, and strategy of three muckrakers
Example:
Upton Sinclair
Goal: Improve working conditions and expose the meatpacking industry
Strategy: Wrote the novel The Jungle, using vivid, emotional storytelling to reveal unsanitary practices
Fill in the blanks:
____'s New Deal: Harry Truman's ______: ______'s Great Society
FDR's New Deal: Harry Truman's Fair Deal: Lyndon B Johnson's Great Society
Why was the cotton gin both an economic and political turning point? What was Jefferson’s goal for America’s economy?
It made cotton extremely profitable and expanded slavery, deepening sectional conflict.
Name 2 significant things of Andrew Jackson's presidency. What era was he president during?
Years as President: 1829–1837
Era: Age of Jacksonison Democracy
Years of the Great Depression
1929 to the late 1930
What was the difference between the Progressive and Populist movements?
The Populist movement was mostly farmers trying to fix economic problems like debt, low crop prices, and railroad abuses that hurt rural communities. They pushed for major economic changes such as increasing the money supply (like free silver) and stronger government control of railroads and big businesses.
The Progressive movement was mainly urban middle-class reformers who wanted to fix problems caused by industrialization, including political corruption, unsafe working conditions, child labor, and poor living conditions in cities. Progressives focused on passing reforms and regulations through the existing government system.
Explain the difference between the iron curtain, Berlin Blockade, and the Berlin Wall.
The Iron Curtain was not a real wall. It was the name for the political and ideological division between communist Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe during the Cold War.
The Berlin Blockade was when the Soviet Union blocked roads and railways into West Berlin to try to force the Western Allies out. In response, the U.S. and its allies used the Berlin Airlift to fly supplies into the city.
The Berlin Wall was an actual wall built by East Germany to stop people from escaping from communist East Berlin to democratic West Berlin.
Why is the War of 1812 often called the “Second War for Independence”?
It reinforced U.S. independence after fighting Britain again and increased national pride.
Name 2 significant things of Herbert Hoover's presidency. What era was he president during?
Years as President: 1929–1933
Era: Start of Great Depression
Possible answers:
What year was U.S. Constitution written?
1787
Were political machines often nativist? Why or why not?
Tammany Hall stood up AGAINST nativist parties and began to help immigrants, who they saw as potential voters (patronage)
Explain the Bay of Pigs Invasion AND the Cuban Missile Crisis
Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961):
The U.S. supported a failed attempt by Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro. It was a major embarrassment for President Kennedy because the invasion quickly collapsed.
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962):
The U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, leading to a tense 13-day standoff between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. It ended when the Soviets agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba.
Embargo Act:
- What was it
- What was the historical context
- What was the outcome
- What was the significance
The Embargo Act, passed under Thomas Jefferson, stopped U.S. trade with foreign nations in response to British impressment and attacks on American shipping. Instead of hurting Britain and France, it damaged the U.S. economy and became very unpopular. Showed the US heavily relied on international trade
Name 2 significant things of James Monroe's presidency. What era was he president during?
Era of Good Feelings 1817–1825
Monroe Doctrine
Missouri Compromise
Nationalism increased
What were the years of the Civil War?
1861-1865
What were the 16th and 17th amendments?
The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allowed the federal government to collect a federal income tax.
The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution changed the way senators were chosen by making them directly elected by voters instead of chosen by state legislatures.
Why did President Eisenhower warn against the military-industrial complex?
He feared it could:
How did the Market Revolution increase regional economic differences in the U.S.?
The North industrialized, the South relied on slavery and cotton, and the West focused on agriculture.
Name 4 significant things of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. What era was he president during?
Years as President: 1901–1909
Era: Progressive Era
- Trust busting
- Square Deal
Regulated big business
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
- Conservation/national parks
- Panama Canal
- Roosevelt Corollary
About what years did industrialization and the Gilded Age occur?
1865–1898
How did the federal government eventually respond to corruption caused by the patronage system? (Hint: President Garfield assassination)
The federal government responded by passing the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which created a merit-based civil service system so government jobs were based on qualifications instead of political favoritism.
What is the 442nd Regimental Combat Team?
A highly decorated U.S. Army unit in World War II made up of Japanese American soldiers, many of whom were from internment camps.
They fought in Europe and became one of the most honored units. Despite discrimination at home, they earned a reputation for bravery and sacrifice, including helping rescue the “Lost Battalion” in France.
How did Jackson’s actions toward the BUS reflect his political ideology?
He believed it represented elite corruption and favored “the common man” over economic elites.
Name 5 significant things of Harry Truman's presidency. What era was he president during?
Years as President: 1945–1953
Era: End of WWII & Early Cold War
Possible answers:
What is the Seneca Falls Convention and what year did it occur?
1848