Early Management
How long has management been practiced?
A very long time!
Which management theory did Fredrick Taylor develop?
Scientific Management
Explain Behavioral theory of management
Behavioral perspective on management emphasize the importance of understanding human behaviors, needs and attitudes in the workplace
What management philosophy was developed by Edwards Deming?
Total quality management, or TQM, is a management philosophy devoted to continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations
Is GGC an open or a closed system? Why?
Open system
Open systems dynamically interact to their environments by taking in inputs and transforming them into outputs that are distributed into their environments
A little over 100 years
Define classical management theory
The Classical Perspective is a management perspective that emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines.
What is Organizational Behavior?
•Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of the actions of people at work
Explain the contingency approach
Contingency approach is a management approach that recognizes organizations as different, which means they face different situations (contingencies) and require different ways of managing
Which historic period marked the transition from human power to machine power?
The Industrial Revolution
According to Max Weber, how should people be selected for jobs in a bureaucracy?
•Formal selection: People selected for jobs based on technical qualifications
Explain why studying management history is important.
While the study of management history reviews the work of experts in the past, from a practical side, it shows the techniques and implementations that companies are using today. For example, the principles learned from Scientific Management are still used today in manufacturing. Assembly line layouts, work processes, and compensation plans in modern organizations are modifications of the foundation laid by men and women like Taylor. The same is true for the work of Weber, Fayol, and more recently Deming. The organizations we work in today are the result of an evolution of management concepts, not something completely new.
Who sought to improve industrial efficiency?
Frederick Taylor
What is Demings 85/15 rule?
85/15 rule: 85% of an employees' performance was determined by the system the employee worked within. Only 15% was the actually employee.
In 1776 Adam Smith published “The Wealth of Nations”. What was his main argument?
Society and organizations would realize economic advantages from the division of labor (job specialization): the breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks
What are Henri Fayol's two main contributions to management?
Fayol Developed 5 functions of management that applied to all organizational situations: Planning, Organizing, Coordinating, Commanding, Controlling
He developed 14 principles of management to be practiced by all managers.
What was the contribution of the Hawthorne studies to management theory?
While Taylor and Weber sought to make work more efficient, they did not focus on the human element of work. Whether through chance or intentional design, the Hawthorne studies brought up the point that people are more complex than tools and machines. Because an employee is put in a job that has been designed to maximize efficiency, does not mean that the employee will make the choice to do so.
Who used scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done?
Fredrick Taylor
Explain what the quantitative approach has contributed to the field of management.
Although “people” problems can rarely be resolved using quantitative techniques exclusively, mathematical techniques can help a manager solve these types of problems. Statistical methods, information models, computer simulations, and other quantitative techniques are designed to help managers make better decisions. Accordingly, they could help a manager address people problems encountered in the workplace.
Explain how the Industrial Revolution impacted the study of management.
The industrial revolution heralded the shift from manufacturing goods in the home to the more economical process of producing goods in factories. This created demand for the manager, the individual responsible for forecasting demand, ensuring that raw materials were on hand, assigning tasks, and generally directing daily activities.
Differentiate between Fredrick Taylor and Henri Fayol's theories.
Fayol focused more on general administration of the organization (that is all managers) whereas Taylor was focused much more on front-line management.
Taylor thought that management was exclusively responsible for developing ideas within the organization. Fayol, on the other hand, realized that good ideas can come from anywhere within the organization
Name one criticism of Scientific Management that led to the Behavioral Approach.
Any of the Below is correct 1. Did not appreciate the social context of work and higher needs of workers! 2. Did not acknowledge variance among individuals! 3. Tended to regard workers as uninformed and ignored their ideas and suggestions!
Name two characteristics of Total Quality Management.
1.Intense focus on the customer.
2.Concern for continual improvement.
3.Process focused.
4.Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does.
5.Accurate measurement.
6. Empowerment of employees.