Kidneys
How many kidneys do you have in your body and where are they located?
2, and in your lower back
Two facts about ureters?
A narrow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
prevent urine from flowing back to the kidneys.
What does excretion mean?
The process by which wastes are removed from the body.
What other two organs that can take part in excretion? Mention what they eliminate.
Skin: sweat
Lungs: CO2
What is urea?
A chemical that comes from the metabolic reactions of the cell (chemical reactions)
Two facts about urethra?
small tube through which urine is excreted out of the body.
it is shorter in females than males.
controlled by sphincter muscle.
list the organs of the urinary system in order.
kidneys - ureters - urinary bladder - urethra - sphincter
What are 2 more organs that take part in excretion?
-Skin -Lungs -Bile -Large Intestine -Liver
What is urine?
a watery fluid produced by the kidneys that contains urea, excess water, & excess salt.
What do the kidneys filter out of blood, and what is that filter units called?
they filter out urea+ excess salt+ excess water.
filtering units are the nephrons
urinary bladder is a sack like muscular organ that stores urine until i is eliminated out the body through ureters.
True or False?
False
Why might a person with kidney problems experience swelling in their body?
Because excess water and salts are not properly excreted out of the body.
kidneys make urine in three stages, name them.
filtration
reabsorption
excretion
What are nephrons, describe their structure & function.
small filtering structure found in the kidneys that removes waste from blood and produces urine.
has glomerulus + Bowman's capsule
What takes blood (mix of wanted & unwanted substances) into the kidney?
The venal artery
A patient’s urine contains large proteins that are normally not present. Which part of the kidney is most likely damaged?
The glomerulus, because it normally prevents large molecules like proteins from being filtered.
Name the three parts that make up the kidney
a) renal cortex
b) renal medulla
c) renal pelvis
List three Functions of the excretory system.
Mention three healthy habits that benefit the urinary system.
answers will vary
Mention the five steps of blood filtration in the nephron.
1. Blood mixture enters the renal artery.
2.Glomerulus filters blood.
3. Bowman's capsule catches the filtrate.
4. unwanted materials are sent to the ureters.
5. clean blood (wanted materials) are reabsorbed through renal vein
True or false: the ureters produce urine
False, yor kidneys do.
Why is selective reabsorption important rather than reabsorbing everything filtered?
Because the body needs to remove wastes while keeping essential substances.
If a drug increases urine production (diuretic), what risk might this cause?
Dehydration and loss of essential ions.
If kidney function declines gradually over a long period, what symptoms might begin to appear in the body?
Fatigue
swelling
nausea
reduced urine output