Powers (in general), a speech, & a thing the Pres can do
The branch of government charged w/putting the nation’s laws into effect
What is the Executive Branch?
Hamilton argues for an energetic single executive and they will protect against foreign attacks, provide for the administration of laws, and protect liberty and property
What is Federalist No. 70?
Appoints ambassadors and other diplomats.
Negotiates treaties and executive agreements.
Meets with foreign leaders in international conferences.
Accords diplomatic recognition to foreign governments.
Receives foreign dignitaries.
What is Chief Diplomat?
A right claimed by presidents to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential from outside scrutiny, especially that of Congress
What is executive privilege?
Powers expressly granted in the Constitution: commander in chief, make treaties, appoint ambassadors, power to fill up all vacancies, authority to veto
What are Formal/Enumerated/Expressed Powers?
An agreement with a foreign government negotiated by the president and requiring a 2/3rds vote in the Senate to ratify
What is a Treaty?
Gives annual State of the Union message (constitutionally required) identifying problems, recommending policies, and submitting specific proposals (president's legislative agenda). Expectations are that the president will propose a comprehensive legislative program to deal with national problems (the Budget and accounting Act of 1921 requires the president to prepare and propose a federal budget).
Issues annual budget and economic reports.
Signs or vetoes bills. The President must sign or reject the bill in its entirety. The Line Item Veto Act of 1996 granted the president the power to line-item veto (partial veto) budget bills passed by Congress. The act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in Clinton v. City of New York.
Proposes legislation and uses influence to get it passed.
Calls for special sessions of Congress.
What is Chief Legislator?
An agreement between a president and another nation that does not have the same durability in the American system as a treaty but does not require Senate ratification
What is an executive agreement?
The process of removing a president from office, with articles of impeachment issued by a majority vote in the House of Representatives, followed by a trial in the Senate, with a 2/3rds vote necessary to convict and remove
What is impeachment?
Powers not laid out in the Constitution but used to carry out presidential duties
What are Informal/Implied Powers?
A law passed over President Nixon’s veto that restricts the power of the president to maintain troops in combat for more than 60 days w/out congressional authorization
What is the War Powers Resolution?
Serves as commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
Has final decision-making authority in matters of national and foreign defense.
Provides for domestic order.
What is Commander in Chief?
Written comments issued by presidents while signing a bill into law that usually consist of political statements or reasons for signing the bill but that may also include a president's interpretation of the law itself
What is a signing statement?
Presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches of government to support his or her policies
What is the bully pulpit?
The annual speech from the president to Congress updating that branch on the state of national affairs
What is the State of the Union Address?
Formal rejection by the president of a bill that has passed both houses of Congress
What is a veto?
Appoints members of the federal judiciary.
Grants reprieves, pardons, and amnesty
What are Judicial Powers?
Policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval
What is an executive order?
A tactic through which presidents reach out directly to the American people with the hope that the people will, in turn, put pressure upon their representatives and senators to press for a president’s policy goals
What is going public?
Presidential authority to release individuals convicted of a crime from legal consequences and set aside punishment for a crime
What is a presidential pardon?
An informal veto caused when the president chooses not to sign a bill within 10 days, during a time when Congress has adjourned at the end of a session
What is a pocket veto?
Is the recognized leader of the party.
Chooses vice-presidential nominee.
Strengthens the party by helping members get elected (coattails).
Appoints party members to government positions (patronage).
Influences policies and platform of the party.
What are Party Powers?
An informal tool used by the president to persuade members of Congress to support his or her policy initiatives
What are bargaining and persuasion?
A collection of offices w/in the White House organization designed mainly to provide information to the president
What is the Executive Office of the President (EOP)?