Methodology
Involves changing the hypothesis as soon as the researcher perceives that the results are different than originally expected.
HARKing
re-approaching an empirical study previously conducted by another psychologist and being reported in the literature with the same research conditions as in the first study.
Replication
_____ is a set of principles used to define and promote acceptable behavior and discourage unacceptable behavior in scientific work
ethics
____________ is a discipline that studies similarities and differences between individuals
Psychology
The study had to be terminated early due to the extreme psychological effects it had on the participants. Which experiment is being referred to?
Stanford Prison Experiment (1971): Conducted by Philip Zimbardo
if you want results that are representative of the entire population, these techniques are the most reasonable choice
Sample randomizing
An important aspect of conducting a replication is to reproduce _______________ research conditions that occurred (were established) in the original study.
the same / very similar
This path is about understanding and following the principles and rules and guidelines for conducting research in an ethical manner.
Responsible conduct of research <RCR>
_______________ a discipline that cares about the real meaning of effects demonstrated under strictly controlled conditions
Psychology
provide the author's name:
psychoanalytic theory introduced concepts such as the unconscious mind, the id, ego, and superego, and the Oedipus complex
"Freudian Psychoanalysis" by Sigmund Freud's
First, individuals are selected based on non-random criteria and not every person has a chance of being included. What sampling technique is being referred to?
non-probabilistic sample
For example: The idea of replication is to use different stimuli (change from homogeneous to heterogeneous stimuli, or from non-social to social, etc.). What type of replication should researcher choose?
replication with modification
"Psychologists must work to protect the rights of individuals (privacy, confidentiality, autonomy) and respect cultural differences to avoid prejudices." Which Ethical Principles is being referred to?
Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity
What language should be used to describe the methodological chapter?
Very Specific
Conducted by Albert Bandura, this study demonstrated observational learning and the influence of modeling aggressive behavior.
Bobo Doll Experiment (1961)
Situation in which the size of a sample used in a study is too small to reliably detect or represent the true effects or characteristics of the population being studied.
Underestimated Sample
It provides a standardized way to express the practical significance of findings beyond statistical significance. Common measures include Cohen's d for means and Pearson's r for correlations. A large ________ indicates a substantial impact.
effect size
Before collecting data, the participant should be asked to provide ______________ to participate in the testing.
written consent
_______ is necessary when revealing the precise assumptions of a study could influence the experiment's results, and these assumptions are not disclosed to the participants.
Masking
It highlighted the power of authority and ethical concerns in research. Which experiment is being referred to?
Milgram Obedience Study (1961)
___________ refers to the questionable practice of selectively analyzing data or conducting multiple statistical tests until a significant result (typically a p-value less than 0.05) is achieved.
p-hacking
This approach helps strengthen the validity and reliability of a scientific claim by demonstrating that the observed effect or phenomenon holds true under different conditions.
conceptual replication
Any unnecessary materials containing personal data should be __________ in a way that prevents the identification of the participants.
destroyed
___________ intended for a potential research participant provides a detailed description of all aspects of the study.
Informed Consent
Who is the author of the experiment mentioned below?
Children were given a choice: they could eat one marshmallow immediately, or, if they waited for a short period, they could have two marshmallows.
The Marshmallow Test (1960s - Present): Conducted by Walter Mischel