Organic Compounds
These are the four classes of organic compounds.
1. Proteins
2. Nucleic Acids
3. Carbohydrates
4. Lipids
Which type of chemical reaction is involved in the polymerization of organic molecules?
condensation/dehydration reactions
This cellular structure is created by a combination of protein and rRNA. It is the site of protein synthesis.
ribosomes
The nucleus stores genetic information in a cell. It contains a double membrane containing nuclear pores, which goes by this name.
Nuclear Envelope
This scientist created exceptional lenses to view the microscopic world and is considered the "father of microbiology".
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
This class of organic compound is composed of monosaccharides bonded together by glycosidic linkages. They provide structure and storage capacity to cells.
Carbohydrates
This subatomic particle has a negative charge and is an important part of the oxidation-reduction reactions that occur in the Z-Schemes of photosynthesis and in aerobic respiration.
electrons
Eukaryotic organisms have multiple ____-shaped chromosomes, while prokaryotic organisms contain a single _____-shaped chromosome.
Eukaryotic: Rod-shaped
Prokaryotic: Round/Circular Shaped
This cellular structure is a complex membrane system. The "smooth" version is involved with the production of lipids and breakdown of toxic materials. The "rough" version is involved in packaging proteins that will be sent or stored elsewhere.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
This scientist applied to stain to animal cells.
Theodore Schwann
A bacterial cell wall is composed of _____. Its function as a carbohydrate is _______.
Peptidoglycan; Structural
This type of chemical reaction occurs when food is broken down into its component monomers. Water is added, splitting a large molecule into smaller ones.
Hydrolysis
These two organelles exhibit multiple characteristics similar to bacteria, lending support to this theory.
Endosymbiont Theory
This cellular component contains digestive enzymes that break down bacteria and damaged organelles into monomers that can be recycled.
Lysosome
This botanist stated that plants are composed of cells.
Matthias Schleiden
ATP, ADP, DNA and RNA are all examples of this type of organic compound. The monomers of these compounds are called _____ are bonded together by _____.
Nucleic Acids; monomers: nucleotides; bonds: phosphodiester linkages
This type of chemical reaction requires an input of energy. Ex: photosynthesis
Endergonic
This type of DNA is exclusively found in prokaryotic organisms, and often provides additional information for environmental survival.
plasmids
This organelle is the site of most aerobic respiration -- breaking apart glucose to release ATP. Its structural characteristics provide evidence in favor of endosymbiont theory.
mitochondria
This scientist and important contributor to cell theory stated that "all cells come from pre-existing cells".
Louis Pasteur
This type of organic compound can act as a pigment to capture and respond to sunlight. Ex: Chlorophyll
lipids
This type of extremely strong chemical bond forms when electrons are shared between atoms. Examples: peptide bonds, phosphodiester linkages, ester linkages and glycosidic linkages
covalent bonds
List three major components of the cell membrane.
Phospholipid bilayer
Transport Proteins
Receptor Proteins
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins
These two extracellular structures provide certain cells with the ability to move around (locomotion).
1. Cilia
2. Flagella
This important scientist conducted x-ray crystallography photography on the molecule of heredity, which helped James Watson (in a competing lab) determine the construct of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin