Washington
George Washington’s role before becoming the first president of the United States
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army
John Adams belonged to this political party
The Federalists
Thomas Jefferson served in what position during Washington's presidency?
Secretary of State
This 1789 event marked the beginning of Washington's Presidency
Washington's inauguration
Federalists believed in a strong government led primarily by this level
The national (federal) government
Washington chose to step down after two terms, helping to create this long-lasting presidential tradition
Two-term precedent
These laws limited free speech and targeted immigrants during Adams’s presidency
The Alien & Sedition Acts
Jefferson believed in a limited federal government and strict interpretation of the Constitution. This political party supported those ideas
The Democratic-Republican Party
This early rebellion tested the strength of the new federal government
The Whiskey Rebellion
Democratic-Republicans believed political power should rest mainly with these people
Farmers and ordinary citizens
This document warned against political parties and permanent foreign alliances
Washington's Farewell Address
Adams avoided war with France during this undeclared naval conflict
The Quasi-War with France
What 1803 action doubled the size of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase
This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
This group supported the creation of the national bank
The Federalists
Washington’s decision to send troops to stop the Whiskey Rebellion showed the federal government’s ability to do what?
Enforce national laws / assert federal authority
Why did many Democratic-Republicans believe the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Constitution?
They limited freedom of speech and states' rights under the First Amendment
Jefferson's response to the British and French interference with U.S. trade was with this law
The Embargo Act of 1807
European wars between these two countries caused repeated challenges to U.S. neutrality
Great Britain (England) and France
Which ideology favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution, and why?
The Federalists, because they believed the Constitution should adapt to new situations
How did Washington's policy of neutrality set a precedent that influenced later presidents like Adams and Jefferson?
Avoiding foreign alliances and staying out of European conflicts to protect U.S. interests
How did Adams' handling of the Quasi-War both help and hurt his presidency politically?
He kept the U.S. from going to war with France, but he lost support from his own party
How did the Louisiana Purchase conflict with Jefferson’s belief in a strict interpretation of the Constitution?
He believed the Constitution did not clearly allow the purchase but approved it anyway for national benefit
How did foreign conflicts influence U.S. trade policy during the presidencies of Washington, Adams, and Jefferson?
They tried to remain neutral but faced restrictions, seizures, and embargoes
How did disagreements between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans shape early presidential decision-making?
Debates over power, the economy, and foreign policy influenced laws, elections, and policies