Anthropological Roots
These two major historical stages are used to divide the process of Kazakh formation.
What are the Indo-European and Turkic stages?
In the "Arabo-Turkic Dictionary," this is the literal social meaning of the word "Kazakh."
What is "free," "wanderer," or "independent"?
This Zhuz traditionally occupied the territories of Western Kazakhstan.
What is the Junior (Kishi) Zhuz?
These two Sultans are recognized as the founding fathers of the Kazakh Khanate.
Who are Kerey and Zhanibek?
This city served as the very first headquarters of the new Kazakh Khanate.
What is Kozybasy?
This Bronze Age group is considered the earliest Europeoid anthropological ancestor of the Kazakhs.
Who are the Andronovs?
This term served as the ancient war cry of the Kazakh people and is often used as a synonym for the nation in legends.
What is "Alash"?
Historian Shokan Ualikhanov believed the Zhuzes were formed during "troubled times" for this primary reason.
What is "to ensure rights to pastures/defense" (creating alliances)?
The Kazakh tribes broke away from this ruler, whose state was known as the "Khanate of Nomadic Uzbeks."
Who was Abulkhair Khan?
Control over cities along this river was the top strategic priority for the early Kazakh Khans.
What is the Syr Darya?
The invasion of this eastern group introduced Mongoloid features to the local tribes of Kazakhstan.
Who are the Huns?
According to legend, these three brothers represent the founders of the three Kazakh Zhuzes.
Who are Uysun, Bolat, and Alshyn?
These three major tribes—Argyns, Kereys, and Naymans—formed the core of this specific Zhuz.
What is the Middle (Orta) Zhuz?
This Khan of Moghulistan welcomed the migrating Kazakhs and gave them land in Western Zhetysu.
Who was Esen-Buga?
In the XVI century, this historian categorized the population into "three peoples," including the "proper Kazakhs."
Who was Ibn Ruzbihan Isfahani?
According to anthropologist O. Ismagulov, this tribe’s facial features most closely resembled the ancient Andronovs.
Who are the Wusuns (or Uysuns)?
In ancient Altai and Siberian languages, the word "Kazakh" carried these three physical meanings.
What are "strong," "sturdy," and "giant"?
Scientists suggest this "Military-Tribal" system, consisting of these three "wings," led to the Zhuz structure.
What are the Right, Left, and Center wings?
This specific year is cited by Muhammad Haidar Dughlat as the birth year of the Kazakh Khanate.
What is 1465–1466 (870 AH)?
The Kazakhs fought a 30-year war for trade cities against this grandson of Abulkhair Khan.
Who was Muhammad Shaybani?
This 13th-century event is cited by historians as having set back the formation of the Kazakh nation by 150–200 years.
What was the Mongol invasion (Chinghiz Khan's conquests)?
This VIII-century inscription contains the earliest documented linguistic variant of the term "Kazakh."
What is the Orkhon-Yenisei (monument of V.V. Radlov)?
This specific location in Zhetysu is where tribes allegedly carved their "tamgas" (seals) to mark the union of the Zhuzes.
What is Nura?
Approximately this many people joined the original migration destination to the Shu and Talas river valleys.
What is 200,000?
Under the peace treaty with the Shaybanids, these three major cities officially became part of the Kazakh Khanate.
What are Sygnaq, Sauran, and Suzak?