ENGEL V. VITALE (1962)
Why did parents challenge the school’s prayer in Engel v. Vitale?
Parents raised concerns that the school-led prayer forced religious practice on students.
Why did Gideon argue his trial was unfair?
Gideon argued that because he couldn’t afford a lawyer, he was denied legal representation during his felony trial.
Why were students suspended in Tinker v. Des Moines?
Students were suspended for wearing black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War.
Why did the government try to stop the New York Times from publishing the Pentagon Papers?
The government argued that publishing the Pentagon Papers would threaten national security by revealing classified information about the Vietnam War.
Why did Amish families refuse to follow Wisconsin’s compulsory school law?
They believed that sending their children to school beyond the eighth grade went against their religious values and way of life.
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Engel v. Vitale?
Official prayer in public school was ruled as violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, prohibiting government sponsored religion.
What was the Supreme Court’s decision about the right to counsel in Gideon v. Wainwright?
The Sixth Amendment’s right to an attorney applies to state courts as well.
What did the Supreme Court rule about student speech in Tinker v. Des Moines?
The Court ruled that students have First Amendment rights, and their rights were violated.
In what way did the Supreme Court’s decision in New York Times Co. v. United States shape the relationship between the press and government?
Strengthened the First Amendment by making it clear that the press has the right to publish information, unless there’s a direct and serious threat to national security.
What did the Supreme Court decide about the conflict between Wisconsin’s education and Amish religious beliefs?
Forcing Amish children to attend high school was ruled as violating the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. Decided that religious freedom outweighed the state’s interest in mandatory schooling beyond eighth grade.