Pre-Revolution
How many estates were there in the Old Regime
3
What did the French Revolution of 1789 stand for (motto)?
Idea of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
Who became Emperor of France via coup d'etat?
Napoleon
What is a coup d'etat?
overthrow of the current government.
What machine was used to efficiently execute people during the Reign of Terror?
guillotine
Which estate made up 97% of the population
third estate
What was the name given to the French document establishing rights for all MEN in France??
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Who was the leader of the Jacobin's during the Reign of Terror?
Maximilian de Robespierre
What five-member executive committee governed France from 1795 to 1799 following the fall of Robespierre?
The Directory.
When did the French Revolution start?
July 14, 1789
Name two causes of the French Revolution
high taxes and new ideas
political discontent and bread shortages
What was the name given to the working-class radicals of Paris who wore long trousers instead of aristocratic knee-breeches?
Sans-culottes
What group of people made up the majority of the Third estate?
Peasants
Name an event caused Napoleon's empire to crumble?
1. Invasion of Russia
2. The Peninsular War
3. Continental System
What building was stormed in Paris, sparkeding the Revolution/marking the beginning?
Storming the Bastille
Name two major financial factors that pushed France into severe national debt prior to 1789.
War debts (Seven Years' War / American Revolution), deficit spending by the monarchy, bad harvests/food shortages.
Why did members of the National Assembly storm the Bastille?
To get ammunition/weapons
What was Marie Antoinette’s nickname?
Madame Deficit
What happened to Napoleon?
He was exiled to an island.
First- Elba, off the coast of Italy
Then- St Helena, off the coast of Africa
What is the main goal of the Congress of Vienna?
lasting peace for Europe
List at least 2 of 4 philosophers who inspired the French Revolution
1. John Locke
2. Jean Rousseau
3. Montesquieu
4. Voltaire
What was the Tennis Court Oath pledge?
Not to leave until a Constitution was written
The execution of Louis XVI did not sit well with everyone. Who and Why did these people get upset by his execution?
Other European countries, they feared their own people would start a revolution
Napoleon established a rule of law known as the?
Napoleonic code
What period (1793–1794) was characterized by widespread executions of suspected "enemies of the revolution"?
The Reign of Terror.