4.1
true or false? did the woman prepare the furs?
true
When did Pierre La Vérendrye Travel
1731-1743
Advantages of Fur Trading Forts on Hudson Bay
Close to an abundant, good quality supply of furs Took less time to get furs to market, Many rivers flow into Hudson Bay, providing transportation routes for the trappers.Large ships can deliver heavy supplies directly to the forts (the large ships could get right into the York port - whereas the French had to travel by canoe after Montreal). The English could get goods to Europe in one year, but the French took two.
Competitions between the French and English fur traders came to an end...
when New France came under British control.
What are some things that the Europeans copied from the First Nations?
Snowshoes, canoes, toboggans, some clothing, use of tobacco, corn, squash, beans,Technologies and ways of life
how did the europeans fur traders benefit
got furs and made money
What did Jean Talon do
Attracted colonists (using government money) to live in New France
Disadvantage(s) for Fur Trading Forts on Hudson Bay
Hudson Bay is free from ice only about half the year
Cold/harsh living conditions.
The Hudson’s Bay Company built more trading posts away from the shores of Hudson Bay because...
the NorthWest Company was taking much of their business. The HBC needed to build trading posts in the interior to compete with the NW Company. Conflict is emerging between these two posts.
Tell about the negative impacts that Europeans had on the First Nations.
Altered indigenous traditions and ways of life (especially hunting practices (moving nomadically). Loss of language. Made indigenous people dependent on European goods (by changing their lifestyle).
how did the first nation benefit from the fur trade?
Got metal goods
Got items they thought were useful
What is the La Grande Paix (The Great Peace of Montreal)
-1300 delegates from 40 First Nations communities agreed to sign a peace treaty and live in harmony with each other and with the French colonists and traders.
-it was an agreement that set the tone for multiculturalism in present-day Canada
Locations on the fur trading posts and forts
At mouths of rivers draining into Hudson Bay (and James Bay)
York Factory
Who were the Métis?
They were descendants of the children of European fathers and First Nations mothers.
What makes the Métis a unique group of people?
A blend of European and First Nations cultures.
how were the Coureurs de Bois and Voyageurs involved in the fur trade?
Travelled to First Nations to trade for furs
Transported furs back to the trading post
How long did the La Grande Paix (The Great Peace of Montreal) last
-The peace lasted until the 1750s
How the furs got to the fur trading posts and forts
First Nations people transported furs to the trading posts
What are the four different roles that the Métis played in the fur trade?
interpreters
Suppliers of provisions (food)
Voyageurs
Workers at forts
What are some European diseases that first nations got
Europeans brought diseases to which First Nations were not immune, causing serious illness and death (smallpox, influenza, measles, whooping cough). In 1781-1782 60% of indigenous peoples were killed by smallpox on the Prairies, and in 1837-1838 it was even more.
In what ways did the First Nations help Europeans survive in the North American wilderness?
Showed them how to find food
Taught them how to make medicines
Taught them how to dress for winter
Provided toboggans, snowshoes, canoes
Shared their knowledge of the region
Translated trade deals
Helped with negotiations
Provided workforces for cooking/making food, sewing, etc
What were the effects of the La Grande Paix (The Great Peace of Montreal)
-Coureurs de bois could travel safely
-As beaver populations declined, the fur trade expanded north and west
-The growing fur trade helped other parts of the economy grow (created jobs in other industries)
Who owned the fur trading companies?
Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) had a monopoly
What role did the voyageurs play in the fur trade?
Travelled from trading forts to First Nations with goods to trade for furs and then travelled back to trading forts with the furs.
How were the first nations more Depending on European goods
Became more reliant on European goods, this made them less self-sufficient