Phase 1
Why did the British first come ashore in Canada?
Answer: To dry their fish.
What was the economy of New France mainly based on?
Answer: The fur trade network.
Which company was created in 1670 to compete with the French?
Answer: The Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC).
After 1760, New France became part of which colony?
Answer: The British colony.
What major event happened between the HBC and NWC in 1821?
Answer: They merged.
Why did the French not need to come ashore as often as the British?
Answer: They used salt to prepare their fish.
What was the name of the war between the French and the Haudenosaunee?
Answer: The French–Haudenosaunee War.
What special trading right did Britain give to the Hudson’s Bay Company?
Answer: A monopoly over trade in Rupert’s Land.
What did France want from the land?
Answer: Furs.
What does “merged” mean?
Answer: Two companies joining together to form one stronger company.
What items did Europeans trade in exchange for animal skins?
Answer: Knives, iron goods, and glass beads.
(Will take any of the above)
What happened in 1649 that removed the middleman in the fur trade?
Answer: The Haudenosaunee defeated the Ouendat.
What term describes people of mixed First Nations and European heritage during the fur trade?
Answer: Métis.
Which company was created to compete against the HBC monopoly?
Answer: The North West Company (NWC).
Why were the British worried about Americans during this phase?
Answer: They feared Americans might try to gain control of Rupert’s Land.
Even without permanent settlements, what began between First Nations and Europeans?
Answer: Trading.
After losing the Ouendat as middlemen, which independent traders helped continue the fur trade?
Answer: The coureurs de bois.
What were voyageurs hired to do?
Answer: Canoe goods between settlements.
What long-lasting food helped voyageurs travel long distances?
Answer: Pemmican.
Give one reason the fur trade declined in the west.
Answer: Over-hunting OR decreased demand for furs in Europe.
Which explorer traded with the Stadacona in 1534?
Answer: Cartier.
Which group became middlemen between the French and the Anishinabe?
Answer: The Ouendat.
Which two groups worked with both the French and the British?
Answer: The Cree and Nakoda.
Which group set up an important position at the Red River during western expansion?
Answer: The Métis (Francophone Métis).
What land did the HBC negotiate to sell to Canada?
Answer: Rupert’s Land.