The Rise of Industry
What does the term “Gilded Age” mean?
The Gilded Age is a time period where problems were masked by economic growth
What is a monopoly, and how could it affect consumers and small businesses?
A monopoly is a company that controls one entire product deciding its fee
What were a lockout and a blacklist, and how did employers use them?
Lockouts are when employers don’t let their employees in. A blacklist is employees that would be put on a list because they were considered trouble makers. Employers used them by passing them to every contact they knew
What challenges did many immigrants face during their journey to the United States?
Challenges Immigrants faced were being stuffed together for about 3 weeks, disease break out, traveling in storage, only brought what they could carry
What was election fraud, and how did it undermine fair elections?
Election fraud got people to vote under different names it undermined fair elections making bribes common
What is free enterprise, and how did entrepreneurs contribute to it?
Capitalist economy where entrepreneurs take a chance to own businesses
How were most businesses organized before the Civil War, and how did corporations help businesses grow larger?
Before the Civil War businesses were family owned and local, by this corporations helped by taking some ownership of the business
Why was it difficult for unions to organize unskilled workers, and who were “scabs”?
It was difficult to organize them because unskilled workers are easier to break because they'll do anything for money
Give one difference between “old immigration” and “new immigration.”
Old immigration is people coming in during the 1800's coming from Irish, German, GB. New Immigration is people coming in after the 1870’s coming from southern and eastern Europe
What was a political machine, and how did it try to gain voter loyalty?
A political machine were people controlling politics in cities, they tried to gain voter loyalty by targeting immigrants with the offer of help and money
How did railroads help factories produce and transport more goods?
Railroads helped factories produce and transport goods by its quick and efficient systems of transportation
How did John D. Rockefeller build Standard Oil into a powerful company?
He used cut throat tactics, by lowering prices and buying out competitors till they were forced to quit
What is a labor union, and what did the Knights of Labor seek for workers?
A labor union is when people under the same union come together to fight against unfair treatments. The Knights of Labor wanted workers as the bigger the cause the faster a solution comes.
What factors encouraged urbanization, and how did mass transit help city residents?
Factors encouraging urbanization is the mass entering of immigrants. Mass transit helped residents by allowing more people to travel quicker with no expense
What was the spoils system, and how could it lead to corruption or inefficient government?
Spoil system is when powerful politicians would give their friends and families jobs without even having any skills. This led to corruption and inefficient government because some people didn't know what they were doing and with everyone being hired from one person most would just take that persons side
How did population growth and immigration help support industrialization?
The population growth and immigration help support industrialization by the cheap and easy labor from immigrants
What is the difference between calling a business leader a “robber baron” and calling one a “captain of industry”?
Robber barons are used to describe people who have monopolies and trusts. Captains of industry are people who are the same people, but serve the nation positively. One helps the nation the other uses it
What happened during the Pullman Strike, and who led it?
The American Railway Union led people to strike against the Pullman company
What was an ethnic enclave, and why did immigrants form these neighborhoods?
Neighborhoods formed by immigrants from the same country because it made them feel close to home
How did construction contracts and bribery allow politicians and businesses to profit from taxpayer money?
They made taxpayers pay more money than they were supposed to so that more businesses could get funding
How did protective tariffs and laissez-faire policies support businesses?
They supported businesses by putting taxes on the imported good more expensive imported goods more expensive, helping protect American industry. Laissez-faire policies meant businesses operated with little government interference.
What were the purposes of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Interstate Commerce was established to oversee the railroad industry. The Sherman Antitrust Act outlawed trusts that interfered with interstate commerce or trade.
What goals did the American Federation of Labor pursue, and which workers did it organize most successfully?
The AFL was made to do a shorter workweek and higher wages. It was most successful at organizing skilled workers.
How did Ellis Island and Angel Island differ in whom they processed and how immigrants were treated?
Ellis Island was filled with European immigrants and would force people to stay until they were healthy and with money or some sort of skill. Angel Island processed west coast immigrants and were much harsher keeping multiple people in poor conditions
Who was Boss Tweed, and what was Tammany Hall?
Boss Tweed was the head of political machines in NY, Tammany Hall was HQ of the political machines