Vocabulary
Who Am I?
Jim Crow South
Farmers and the Populist Crusade
Potpourri
100
The handing out of government jobs as rewards to loyal party workers
What is the patronage system/spoils system?
100
I took down Boss Tweed and his ring with the power of my political cartoons.They were powerful because they could even be understood by immigrants and those who could not read.
Who is Thomas Nast?
100
This is where the term "Jim Crow" came from.
What is Jim Crow was a black stage character created by a white song and dance man in 1830. It was an unfavorable impression of black people and a white person performed it in black-face while doing stereo-typical behavior.
100
Farmers believed this metal should be a large supply of the nation's currency because they felt it would put money in their pockets and pay off their debts. They felt if this metal was used to be turned into coins or back paper currency, the money supply would swell. If the money supply grew, prices would rise, and farmers would get more for their crops.
What is silver?
100
Group of Republicans reformists who opposed the spoils system. Their name is an Indian term meaning "Big Chief".
What are the Mugwumps?
200
A company that gains control of other companies by buying their stock. Corporations used them to side-step the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and keep their monopolies.
What is a holding company?
200
I signed the Civil Service Act into law to combat the spoils system. It classified 15,000 federal jobs as Civil Service positions and applicants had to pass an examination proving they were qualified.
Who is President Chester A. Arthur?
200
This man recommended vigorous protest against Jim Crow laws. He was the first black to graduate from Harvard with a Ph.D. degree. He criticized Booker T. Washington for abandoning the goal of equal rights.
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
200
Bankers and established business moguls preferred a currency based on this metal because they felt it would hold down the money supply and keep prices from rising.
What is gold?
200
This Act was the first Federal effort to control trusts and it prohibited monopolies. However, while it looked good on paper, corporations side-stepped the law using holding companies.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
300
To deny, or take away the right of someone to vote
What is to disenfranchise?
300
As alderman and one-time Congressman in the House of Representatives, I controlled New York City's finances through a system of dispensed jobs and contracts in return for political support and bribes. I also controlled the district attorney, the police, the courts and most of the newspapers. However, it was a newspaper man who brought me to justice.
Who is Boss Tweed?
300
Name 3 ways in which southern blacks were discouraged from voting.
What are: 1) Poll Taxes 2) Literacy tests 3) Grandfather clauses 4) Lynchings 5) Rigid residency requirements
300
Populist candidate who lost to Grover Cleveland in 1892, but his strong showing as a Third Party candidate was encouraging for future reform.
Who is James B. Weaver?
300
This Act banned rebating and pooling. It required railroads to establish reasonable and just rates. It was difficult to enforce. Railroads were able to employ skilled lawyers who warned that the Constitution limited the government's regulatory powers.
What is the Interstate Commerce Act?
400
An economic term referring to when the price of goods and services declines. When a dollar buys more in a previous year rather than in a current year.
What is deflation?
400
I believed that knowledge should be "harnessed to the things of real life" and founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, a vocational school to help blacks learn trades like teaching and mechanics. While I believed political equality for blacks was impossible in the South, it could be evened out with one's "little green ballot".
Who is Booker T. Washington?
400
Name two things that led the South down the road to Jim Crow segregation.
What are: 1)President Hayes is elected “conditionally” in a close election in 1876. To get Congress to agree to give him the votes , he promises to remove Federal troops within the South. 2) By the 1890’s, a Depression hit causing falling farm prices and tightened credit which pitted poor white farmers against poor black farmers. White farmers who now viewed themselves in the same economic boat as black farmers, blamed black farmers for their troubles and looked for ways to take away their rights. 3) Also, rural Southern reformers started to challenge Conservatives for power, and while initially Conservatives felt blacks should have some rights, they changed their tune when they needed support and votes from white voters. So, they took a harder stance against blacks to appease the whites.
400
Name three problems faced by American farmers in the late 1800's.
What are: Drought, Debt and Depressions burdened farmers in the 1870’s and 1880’s. While increased mechanization helped farmers produce more, they earned less for several reasons. 1) American farmers competed with farmers in Australia, South America, and Canada. Plentiful supplies of food drove prices down. 2) Banks were a major cause of the problem. Farmers borrowed money from the banks to buy seed and machinery. However, credit was hard to get in the 1880’s and 1890’s. Mortgage foreclosures increased. 3) Deflation, or when the price of goods and services dropped was occurring. A dollar bought more in 1876 than it did in 1886. 4) Railroads charged more to transport grain in the West where they had a monopoly. 5) Weather- Hard winters and summer droughts destroyed cattle and crops and floods destroyed crops in Mississippi.
400
The two reasons the Supreme Court ruled that the E.C. Knight Company didn't violate the Sherman Anti-trust Act by selling its sugar refining properties to the American Sugar Company.
What are: 1) The Sherman Anti-trust Act barred monopolies in "trade or commerce", but Knight's business was manufacturing. 2) The Sherman Anti-trust Act applied to transactions that crossed state borders, but Knight refined all its sugar within one state.
500
A system in which the tax rate is proportionate to a person's income.
What is a graduated personal income tax?
500
In defense of my fellow Populists and silver supporters I said, "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
500
The name of the court case that declared segregation was indeed legal as long as blacks were given "separate but equal" facilities.
What is Plessy vs. Ferguson?
500
Name 3 ways The Grange helped farmers.
What are: 1) Formed by farmers to pass laws to regulate railroad freight rates. 2) They also formed cooperatives that stored their own grain so they wouldn’t be over-charged by distributors. 3)The Grange also established stores to buy farm machinery at low prices.
500
Black scientist at the Tuskegee Institute.He found more than 300 uses for the peanut including peanut butter.
Who is George Washington Carver?
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