Causes of Industrialization (1870-1900)
This 1862 act, along with land grants, allowed for the rapid expansion of rail networks.
What is the Homestead Act?
This term, coined by Mark Twain, describes the period's glittering surface covering underlying corruption and poverty.
What is the Gilded Age?
These investigative journalists exposed corruption and social problems, such as in The Jungle.
Who are Muckrackers?
This group, while supportive of many reforms, often held racist views and neglected the needs of African Americans.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
This 1920 amendment granted women the right to vote.
What is the 19th Amendment?
This process for mass-producing steel, named after its British inventor, allowed for the rapid building of skyscrapers and railroads.
What is the Bessemer Process?
This term refers to the rapid growth of cities, which led to overcrowding, tenement housing, and sanitation issues.
What is Urbanization?
This movement, which grew in the 1890s, sought to fix the social, economic, and political inequalities of the Gilded Age.
What is the Progressive Movement?
This Act, prompted by The Jungle, was passed in 1906 to ensure the safety of food and drugs.
What is the Meat Inspection Act?
This 1919 amendment, a major goal of moral reform groups, banned the sale of alcohol.
What is the 18th Amendment (Prohibition)?
This policy, which translates to "let it be," was favored by the government, allowing big business to grow with minimal regulation.
What is Laissez-Faire?
This 1894 strike against a rail car company saw federal troops intervene, demonstrating government siding with business.
What is Pullman Strike?
This constitutional amendment, ratified in 1913, allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators.
What is the 17th Amendment?
This president ran as the candidate for the "Bull Moose" (Progressive) Party in 1912.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
This organization, co-founded by W.E.B. Du Bois in 1909, fought for civil rights and against Jim Crow.
What is the NAACP?
This type of integration occurs when a company buys out all of its competitors, such as Standard Oil buying up other refineries.
What is Horizontal Integration?
This political organization in New York City, led by "Boss" Tweed, used graft and corruption to control city politics.
What is Tammany Hall?
This type of reform allowed voters to remove an elected official from office before their term ended.
What is Recall?
This president, a Democrat, passed the Clayton Antitrust Act and the Federal Reserve Act.
Who is Woodrow Wilson?
This term describes how the 1912 election result was determined, where Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican vote.
What is the splitting of the Progressive/Republican vote?
These were two key reasons for rapid innovation during this period, resulting in a surge of new patents.
What are open U.S. patent laws and the need for labor-saving devices?
This philosophy applied Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" to human society to justify vast wealth inequality.
What is Social Darwinism?
This group, while supportive of many reforms, often held racist views and neglected the needs of African Americans.
Who are the Progressives?
This President, chosen by Roosevelt, actually broke up more trusts than Roosevelt but lost Progressive support.
Who is William Howard Taft?
This major labor union, led by Eugene V. Debs, advocated for socialism and attracted many radical workers.
This major labor union, led by Eugene V. Debs, advocated for socialism and attracted many radical workers.