Robber Barons, Captains of Industry and Industrialization
This Scottish immigrant and industrialist built a massive steel empire in the United States and is often regarded as one of the greatest "captains of industry" of the Gilded Age.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
This term describes the significant population shift from rural areas to cities during the Second Industrial Revolution, driven by technological advancements and the growth of factories.
What was the Second Industrial Revolution?
This political party allied with the labor movement and were folded into the Democratic Party in 1896, though a small remnant of it continued to exist until it was formally disbanded in 1908.
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, or the Reconstruction Amendments, were created in an attempt to ensure equal rights to recently freed African Americans. These are the rights listed within the Reconstruction Amendments.
13th Amendment = abolished slavery.
14th Amendment = citizenship and equal protection under the law.
15th Amendment = granted African American men the right to vote.
This man was the founder of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Who was Samuel Gompers?
This oil tycoon and founder of Standard Oil Company is often considered one of the most infamous robber barons of the Gilded Age, due to his aggressive monopolistic practices.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
This powerful political organization in New York City during the 19th and early 20th centuries, was often associated with the Democratic political party and was, at one point, run by William "Boss" Tweed.
What is Tammany Hall?
This strike started outside Chicago at a sleeping car manufacturing company and quickly grew into a national railroad strike involving the American Railway Union, the Pullman Company, railroads across the nation, and the federal government.
What was the Pullman Strike of 1894?
In 1896, the Supreme Court declared Jim Crow segregation legal in this decision. The Court ruled that “separate but equal” accommodations for African Americans were permitted under the Constitution.
What was the Plessy v. Ferguson decision?
Homer Adolph Plessy was an American shoemaker and activist, who was the plaintiff in the United States Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson. This is where he was born (city and state).
What is New Orleans, Louisiana?
This article written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. Proposed that the best way of dealing with the new phenomenon of wealth inequality was for the wealthy to utilize their surplus means in a responsible and thoughtful manner and through the funding of public institutions including education, culture, and higher learning.
What is "The Gospel of Wealth"?
In his groundbreaking work "How the Other Half Lives," this man used photography to expose the harsh living conditions of marginalized groups and urban tenement structures in 19th-century American cities.
Who was Jacob Riis?
This union, founded in 1869, was the first major labor organization in the United States. They organized unskilled and skilled workers, campaigned for an eight hour workday, and aspired to form a cooperative society in which laborers owned the industries in which they worked.
What was the Knights of Labor?
After slavery, state governments across the South instituted laws known as these. These laws granted certain legal rights to blacks, including the right to marry, own property, and sue in court, but they also made it illegal for blacks to serve on juries, testify against whites, or serve in state militias. They also required black sharecroppers and tenant farmers to sign annual labor contracts with white landowners. If they refused they could be arrested and hired out for work.
What were Black Codes?
The Compromise of 1877 resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election between this Democratic candidate and Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes.
Who was Samuel Tilden?
This policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society known as laissez-faire (French) loosely translates to what in English?
The invention in the 1850s of the Otis elevator and this steelmaking process (an inexpensive process for the mass production of steel) created the material means for the rise of tall city buildings, some so tall they were said to scrape the sky—skyscrapers.
What is the Bessemer steelmaking process?
The Knights of Labor membership collapsed following the 1886 Haymarket Square riot in Chicago. By 1886 this union, an alliance of skilled workers’ trade unions, was growing.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
The 19th-century Ku Klux Klan was originally organized as a social club by Confederate veterans in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866. Klan members sought the restoration of white supremacy through intimidation and violence aimed at the newly enfranchised Black freedmen. The organization was founded by this man.
Who was Nathan Bedford Forrest?
By the time of his death, Andrew Carnegie, despite his best efforts, had not been able to give away his entire fortune. He had distributed this much money, but had $30 million left, which went into the Corporation's endowment. (Be within a reasonable amount)
What is ~$350 million?
Social Darwinism, a controversial ideology of the late 19th century, applied Charles Darwin's ideas about natural selection to society. It often justified social hierarchies and inequality. This is the British thinker coined the term "survival of the fittest."
Who was Herbert Spencer?
The Morrill Land Grant Act, officially known as the Morrill Act of 1862, was a U.S. federal law that provided grants of land to states for the establishment of public colleges and universities focused on agriculture and mechanical arts. These institutions, known as "land-grant colleges," aimed to promote practical education and research in agriculture, engineering, and related fields.
Give the name of one university that began as part of the Morrill Land Grant Act.
On June 29, 1892, this man, the manager of the Homestead Steelworks outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania—motivated by a desire to break the union of skilled steel workers who for years had controlled elements of the workflow on the shop floor in the steel mill and slowed output—locked the members of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (AA) out of the Homestead Steelworks.
Who was Henry Clay Frick?
In 1870, this man of Mississippi became the first African American man elected to the US Senate.
Who was Hiram Revels?
The Pendleton Act provided that federal government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that government employees be selected through competitive exams. The act also made it unlawful to fire or demote for political reasons employees who were covered by the law. This was the president under which the bill was signed into law.
Who was President Chester A. Arthur?