The Vast World Ocean 408-409
What is the world's largest ocean and how deep is it?
The Pacific Ocean and 12,927 feet
The name of the scientific expedition ship that helped explore the global ocean and create the first topography map of the ocean floor
What is the Challenger ?
Bonus Candy to team for answering correctly:
A relatively steep zone that marks the boundary between the continental crust and oceanic crust
What is continental slope?
What are the long, relatively narrow troughs that are the deepest parts of the ocean?
Deep ocean trenches
In addition to being lowered by ________ _______, many volcanic islands gradually sink because of this.
What are erosional forces?
The vast majority of the ocean floor is covered with this
What is sediment?
When seawater evaporates, the salts increase in concentration until they can no longer remain dissolved, then precipitating out of solution to form these
Salt deposits
This percent of the world's oil is from offshore areas.
What is 30%
What is the area of Earth?
510 million square kilometers
A word for the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the topography of the ocean floor
What is bathymetry?
These currents usually originate at the continental slope and continue at the continental rise and are the result of sand and mud making seawater more dense.
Turbidity Currents
What are the extremely flat areas of seafloor called?
Coral secretes this component that forms it's hard exoskeleton.
What is calcium carbonate?
Out of all the non-living resources extracted from the oceans, what percentage of the economic value comes from energy products such as oil and natural gas?
95%
Reel building corals can only live in warm sunlit waters no more than about how many feet deep?
150 feet
The world can be divided into four main ocean basins. What are they?
Pacific, Arctic, Indian, and Atlantic
The name of the first devices that used sound to measure water depth
What is Echo Sounders?
The outer margins of the continent where continental crust transitions to oceanic crust
What are the continental margins?
This covers 30% of the Earth's surface
The first to formulate a hypothesis on ringed-shaped atolls?
Who was the naturalist Charles Darwin?
About 4500 meters or 15,000 feet below sea level, made of Microscopic shells, skeletons of animals, and algae are all part of
Biogenous sediment
What percent of non-living resources that come from the ocean are energy products?
95%
This is the percentage of water covering the Southern Hemisphere's surface.
What is 81%
Geology, chemistry, physics, and biology combine in an interdisciplinary science known as
What is Oceanography?
Oceanographers studying the continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and mid-oceanic ridges are studying the __________ of the ocean floor.
What is topography?
When muddy slurry emerge from the mouth of a canyon onto the relatively flat ocean floor, they deposit sediment that forms a ___________ _______ ____
What is a deep sea fan
What was the location in the western Pacific that was recognized in 1875 as the deepest known point in the ocean floor called, and what was the reason behind its name?
The Challenger Deep was named after the HMS Challenger, the first known expedition to study the global ocean.
What type of water do reef-building corals grow in?
Warm, clean, sunlit water
Where evaporation rates are high and there is restricted open ocean-circulation, this forms as the remaining seawater becomes saturated with dissolved minerals.
Evaporites
The depth that Gas Hydrates occur....
What is 525 Meters? the depth that Gas Hydrates occur
The Earth's surface is nearly this much water
What is 71%?
The Arctic Ocean is about what percent of the size of the Pacific?
About 7%
Sonar is an acronym for this
What is SOund, NAvigation, and RAnging?
The process called when an oceanic plate runs into a continental plate and slides beneath it?
What is subduction?
The longest topographic feature, and the summit where new oceanic crust is born
What is the oceanic ridge system?
The three categories of seafloor sediments are called..
Terrigenous sediment
Biogeneous sediment
Hydrogenous sediment
What is Halite used for?
Seasoning and preserving food, etc.
When oceanic crust moves under continental crust, this is created (could be anywhere in chapter)
What is the continental slope?
What percent of Earth is covered with oceans and marginal seas?
About 71%
An isolated underwater volcano mountain with a flat top formed by erosion sinking the volcano and waves eroding the top.
What is a guyot and how does it form?
How long is the oceanic ridge system?
70,000 kilometers or 43,000 miles
Seafloor sediments with microfossils are useful when finding data on what?
climate change
These are made from bacteria breaking down seafloor organic materials, they are unusually compact chemical structures made of water and gas, look like ice--but can ignite when lit by a flame.
What are gas hydrates?
How tall does the crest of the Ridge stand?
about 2-3 kilometers above the deep ocean floor.