Causes of the Great Depression
During the 1920s many Americans invested in the stock market using borrowed money, a practice called this that made the crash far worse when stock prices collapsed.
What is buying on margin
These shantytowns built by homeless Americans symbolized public anger toward Hoover’s leadership.
What are Hoovervilles
Roosevelt described the goals of his New Deal using these three words that represented helping people, improving the economy, and preventing future crises.
What are Relief, Recovery, and Reform
This 1935 law guaranteed workers the right to join unions and bargain collectively with employers.
What is the Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)
Roosevelt appointed advisors like Mary McLeod Bethune and Robert Weaver to this informal group that advised him on issues facing African Americans.
What is the Black Cabinet
By 1932 about how many US citizens were unemployed?
What is 1/4 or 13 million
Hoover believed government should encourage private charities and businesses to help the poor rather than provide direct federal relief; this philosophy was called this.
What is voluntarism
This action temporarily closed banks in 1933 so the government could inspect them and restore public confidence.
What is the Bank Holiday
This New Deal program created pensions for the elderly and unemployment insurance for workers.
What is the Social Security Act
This European dictator began expanding German territory during the 1930s, including annexing Austria and demanding land in Czechoslovakia.
Who is Adolf Hitler
This tariff raised taxes on foreign imports in 1930 and led other nations to retaliate, causing global trade to collapse.
What is the Hawley-Smoot Tariff
During World War I and the 1920s, farmers across the Great Plains plowed millions of acres of land to plant wheat. When a severe drought struck in the 1930s, strong winds blew away the unprotected topsoil, destroying farms and forcing many families to abandon their land.
What is the Dust Bowl
Roosevelt used these radio addresses to explain policies directly to Americans and restore confidence during the crisis.
What are Fireside Chats
This program employed millions of Americans building roads, schools, bridges, and public buildings.
What is the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
What is the The Neutrality Act of 1939’s ‘cash and carry’
What is allowed nations at war to buy U.S. military supplies as long as they paid for them in cash and transported them using their own ships
When banks failed during the Depression, Americans lost their savings because this government protection did not yet exist.
What is deposit insurance (FDIC)
In 1932 thousands of World War I veterans marched on Washington demanding early payment of bonuses promised for 1945; they became known as this group.
Who are the Bonus Army
This New Deal program hired young men to plant trees, build trails, and improve national parks while earning money during the Depression.
What is the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Some New Deal programs were declared unconstitutional by this Legislative Branch of government.
What is the Supreme Court
On December 12, 1937, Japan bombed what ship as it evacuated American personnel from Nanjing (Nanking), China
What is the USS Panay
Many historians argue the Depression spread worldwide partly because nations responded to economic crisis by raising tariffs and reducing this between countries.
What is international trade
In 1931, construction began on a government public works project called the Boulder Dam in Nevada. It opened in 1936 and in 1947, it was renamed
What is the Hoover Dam
This program paid farmers to reduce production in order to raise crop prices and stabilize agriculture during the Depression.
What is the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Roosevelt proposed adding additional justices to this institution after it struck down New Deal laws AND what was his proposal called.
What is the Supreme Court (Court Packing Plan)
These laws passed in the 1930s attempted to keep the United States out of foreign conflicts by limiting arms sales and involvement in war AND how many were passed AND in what years.
What are the Neutrality Acts, three, 1935, 1937, and 1939