L19: Arguments
What is defined as "a set of statements, one of which appears to be implied by the others"?
Argument.
Define syllogism.
A deductive argument with two premises and three terms.
What is the mood and figure for the following schema?:
All M is P.
Some S is M.
Therefore, some S is not P.
AIO-1
What is the mood and figure for the following schema?:
Some P is M.
Some M is S.
Therefore, some S is P.
III-4
What does it mean if a syllogism is "valid"?
The premises imply the conclusion.
What is the premise of an argument? (Explain or give the definition.)
A statement that appears to support or imply the conclusion.
How many premises are there in a standard syllogism?
2
What is the mood and figure for the following schema?:
No M is P.
No M is S.
Therefore, some S is not P.
EEO-3
What is the mood and figure for the following schema?:
No M is P.
All M is S.
Therefore, some S is P.
EAI-3
What does it mean if a syllogism is "sound"?
The syllogism is valid and has true premises.
Identify the conclusion in the following argument: No true socialist is a millionaire, but some Russians are millionaires. Therefore, some Russians are not true socialists.
Some Russians are not true socialists.
Identify the major, minor, and middle terms for the given syllogism:
Some dogs are pets, but no dragons are pets. Consequently, some dogs are not dragons.
Major: dragons
Minor: dogs
Middle: pets
Write out the schema for the given mood and figure:
AEO-2
All P is M.
No S is M.
Therefore, some S is not P.
Write out the schema for the given mood and figure:
EEO-3
No M is P.
No M is S.
Therefore, some S is not P.
True or False: If a syllogism is valid and the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true.
Identify the conclusion in the following argument: Some robots are not programmed humanoids, because some robots are androids, and all androids are programmed humanoids.
Identify the major, minor, and middle term for the given syllogism:
No heroes are cowards, so no crooks are heroes, since all crooks are cowards.
Major: heroes
Minor: crooks
Middle: cowards
Write out the schema for the given mood and figure:
OAO-3
Some M is not P.
All M is S.
Therefore, some S is not P.
Write a complete syllogism for the given mood and figure:
OAA-4
Answers will vary, but should follow this form:
Some P is not M.
All M is S.
Therefore, all S is P.
True or False: If a syllogism is invalid, but the premises are true, then the argument is sound.
False
Identify the conclusion in the following argument: All fables are fictions, but no news articles are fables. Consequently, no fictions are news articles.
No fictions are news articles.
Rewrite the given syllogism so that it is in standard categorical form:
Some warm-blooded creatures are not mammals, since no bird is a mammal, but some warm-blood creatures are birds.
No birds are mammals.
Some warm-blooded creatures are birds.
Therefore, some warm-blooded creatures are not mammals.
Rewrite the following syllogism is standard categorical form, then identify the mood and figure:
All apostles are men, so some apostles are philosophers, because some men are philosophers.
Some men are philosophers.
All apostles are men.
Therefore, some apostles are philosophers.
Mood and Figure: IAI-1
Rewrite the following syllogism is standard categorical form, then identify the mood and figure:
No disco is rap, but all disco is music. Thus, some music is not rap.
No disco is rap.
All disco is music.
Therefore, some music is not rap.
Mood and Figure: EAO-3
False