Causes & Context
This empire’s use of Greek language and cultural influence contrasted with the Latin West, contributing to growing tensions.
Byzantine Empire
Where is Rome?
West
The Great Schism is commonly dated to this year.
1054
This Latin phrase for the Holy Spirit ‘proceeding from the Son’ was added to the Nicene Creed in the West.
the Filioque
Today, the churches that trace their heritage to the East are commonly called this.
the Eastern Orthodox Church
This political collapse in 476 ended the unity of the Roman Empire and separated East and West.
the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Where is Constantinople?
East
The mutual excommunications of 1054 took place during this century.
the 11th century
The East rejected this Western claim that the bishop of Rome has universal jurisdiction over all churches.
papal supremacy
The Western church centered in Rome is known by this name.
the Roman Catholic Church
This 1204 event by Western crusaders deepened resentment and is often cited as worsening the divide between East and West.
Sack of Constantinople
Which side is Catholic?
the West
The Council of Florence attempted to reunite Eastern and Western Christianity in 1439 during this century.
the 15th century
This Byzantine-era dispute over the use of religious images (icons) influenced theological tensions between East and West.
the Iconoclast Controversy
This famous church in Constantinople was where the bull of excommunication was placed during the 1054 dispute.
Hagia Sophia
This act of formally severing communion was issued by both sides during the 1054 crisis.
excommunication
Which side is Orthodox?
the East
The mutual excommunications of 1054 were officially lifted by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I in this year.
1965
Eastern churches argued for using this type of bread in the Eucharist, contrasting with the West’s practice of unleavened bread.
leavened bread
This title is used by the Archbishop of Constantinople and signifies his role as ‘first among equals’ in Eastern Orthodoxy.
the Ecumenical Patriarch
Western churches used this type of bread in the Eucharist, a practice criticized by Eastern Christians.
unleavened bread
Which side used Greek?
the East
An earlier 9th-century conflict between Rome and Constantinople is often called this schism.
the Photian Schism
The Western church increasingly mandated this for priests, while the Eastern church generally allowed married clergy.
clerical celibacy
The Eastern Orthodox Church continued to follow a model of leadership for the five major patriarchates known by this term.
the Pentarchy