The Polis and Military System
Rectangular formation of Greek soldiers
Phalanx
The process of establishing Greek settlements in other regions is known as Greek...
Colonization
Sparta was located in the region of Laconia in the southern ____.
Peloponnesus
In the early Athens, political power was mainly controlled by council of aristocrats named _________.
Aeropagus
The rule of a tyrant was known as _____
Tyranny
The ____________ was the main marketplace and public gathering place in a Greek city-state.
Agora
Many Greek colonies were established around the _________ Sea and the _________ Sea.
Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea
kings
Solon established the Council of ________, while Cleisthenes later created the council of _______ to give citizens a grated role in governing Athens.
400; 500
Some tyrants built _____________________ to improve their cities.
marketplaces, temples, and walls
A town or city and its surrounding countryside known as city-state.
Polis
The Greeks exported ...., ...., and,.... throughout the Mediterranean.
Wine, olive oil, and pottery
Sparta conquered the neighboring region of _______ and forced many of its people to become helots.
Messenia
Solon divided Athenian citizens into 4 classes based on their _______, while Cleisthenes reorganized citizens into 10 tribes based on their _________.
wealth; place of residence
_________ and his son ________ were famous tyrants who ruled Corinth and helped the city become wealthy through trade, shipping, and pottery production.
Cypselus and Periander
The population of police were divided into:
Citizens (adult males with political rights and Women and children with no political rights) and non-citizens (the enslaved and resident aliens)
The main reasons of Greek colonization are:
1. gulf between rich and poor
2. poverty and hunger
3. development of trade
The population in Sparta was divided into:
Spartiates (Spartan citizens), perioikoi (freemen), and the helots.
Solon was chosen to reform Athens because of
Problems under aristocratic rule:
•Debt slavery
•Unequal land ownership
•Social tension – gap between rich and poor
•Civil war
In Athens, the tyrant _________ attempted to seize power and established tyranny after the reform of Solon.
Pisistratus
The hoplites were heavily armed infantrymen who wore... and carried ....
Breastplates, bronze/leather helmets, greaves (shin guard), and carried short sword, shield, and 9 feet long spear.
The effects of Greek expansion or colonization are:
1. Diffusion of the Greek culture
2. Helped the Greek to have a stronger Greek identity
3. Increased trade and industry
The ephors were responsible for _______
and the Council of Elders for ____
education of the youth as well as the conduct of the citizens while council of elders handled important issues.
Put this Athenian developments in the correct chronological order
Pisistratus' tyranny - Cleisthenes' reform - Monarchy - Aristocratic - Solon's reform
Monarchy - Aristocratic - Solon's reform - Pisistratus' tyranny - Cleisthenes' reform
How did the writings of Homer, Hesiod, Sappho, and Theognis reflect aspects of Greek society during the Archaic Age?
Homer : heroic traditions and values
Hesiod : everyday life and justice
Sappho: personal emotions
Theognis : values of the aristocracy