Cosmology
all things are divided into Being vs Becoming. ultimate reality exists in a non-material realm of ideas or forms.
Plato
For all our philosophers, the purpose or essence of a human being is our ability to do this better than anything we know of in the cosmos.
Reason
Identify the Ethical Approach: I’m not sure if Climate Change is real. I’d like to read scientists that are for and against it before deciding if I should buy those solar panels or not.
Applied Ethics
To the Stoic, we are to be indifferent towards circumstances that happen in our lives. What is this called?
Apathy
According to the Stoic, the universe, circumstances, the things that happen are never under our control. What is the only thing human beings have absolute control over?
Our will
God creates all things and orders all things in the universe, down to the tiniest detail and for the benefit of all creation. All things are devised by the God through Divine Logic or "Logos".
Stoicism
For us, this is our Formal Cause.
Human Beings - Formal Cause answers "what is that thing?"
Identify the Ethical Approach: Do whatever seems right to you, so long as it does not hurt anyone.
Normative Ethics
To the Platonist, this is ultimate reality. It is unchanging, has no beginning or end, and is absolute.
Being
On a desk, this would be its Material Cause.
wood, metal, plastic - material cause speaks of the stuff a thing is made up of.
Which philosophy argues: "Life is not short. We only think we have a short life because we waste so much of it."
Stoicism
For Plato, these are the three parts of the human soul, (please place them in the order Plato likes)
1. The Mind (Logical)
2. The Spirit (Emotional)
3. The Body (Appetite)
Identify the Ethical Approach: In light of everything God in Christ has done for you; love one another.
Meta-Ethics
To the Stoic, this is living in harmony with nature, or divine logic, even if it means accepting something bad for me personally.
Sympathy
According to Aristotle, these are the two ways humans can act virtuously.
1. By Habit
2. By the Intellect
In realm of Forms, Plato argues this is the highest divine form that we could set our minds on.
The Form of Goodness
According to the Stoics, we are to protect and keep this thing first and foremost; never allowing others to take it away from us.
our Freedom
Identify the Ethical Approach: A woman arguing for the equality of women based upon Nature.
Meta-Ethics
The formulation that virtue lies in between two extremes: the vice of defect and the vice of excess.
The Golden Mean
These are the three major Stoic teachers.
Epictetus
Seneca
Marcus Aurelius
not the imaginary realm of invisible forms/ideas, but real Essence that exists in Substance.
Aristotle
All humans have an Efficient Cause. What is your Efficient Cause?
Your parents - Efficient Cause tells you who produced a thing.
Identify the Ethical Approach: Always do the right thing.
Normative Ethics
Aristotle calls this our HIGHEST good. For humans it means the exercise of the intellect in the actions of virtue.
Eudaimonia
In the Greek mind, these were the 4-major virtues. There were other virtues, but these were the big four.
Wisdom, Temperance, Justice, Courage