3R's
The names of the publishers of the 3 R's
W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch
a standard or guideline that specifies in detail a method, technology, or technique for achieving a desired outcome without providing for modification in the event that alternative methods are available
Engineering standard
3 clearly defined roles aligning responsibility with regulatory and management authority for which US federal law creates a statutory basis
Institutional official, Attending veterinarian, IACUC
The 4 categories of people to include in the IACUC membership
1. a DVM with training/experience in LAM
2. practicing scientist experienced in research involving animals
3. member from nonscientific background
4. public member to represent general community interests
Determination of humane endpoints should involve these 3 entities
PI, veterinarian, IACUC
Term for methods that replace animals with inanimate systems such as computer programs
Absolute replacement
the application of professional judgment by qualified, experienced individuals to a task or process over time
Practice standard
Entity bearing ultimate responsibility for the Program
Institutional Official
Number of voting members that can be associated with a single administrative unit
No more than 3
Proposed activity for which the IO must submit a request to USDA/APHIS and receive approval from USDA/APHIS
allowing a USDA-regulated animal to undergo multiple major survival surgical procedures in separate unrelated research protocols
Term for replacing animals with animals that are lower on the phylogenetic scale
Relative replacement
the point at which pain or distress in an experimental animal is prevented, terminated, or relieved
Humane endpoint
Entity with authority to allocate the resources needed to ensure the Program's overall effectiveness
Institutional Official
The committee must meet at this frequency
as often as necessary to fulfill its responsibilities
the only two "Must" statements related to physical restraint
Restraint devices should not be considered a normal method of housing, and must be justified in the animal use protocol.
Veterinary care must be provided if lesions or illnesses associated with restraint are observed.
The year in which the 3 R's were initially published
1959
the immediate physical environment surrounding the animal
Microenvironment
Entity responsible for providing oversight and evaluating the effectiveness of the program for training personnel involved with care and use of animals
IACUC
Program review and facilities inspections should occur at this frequency
At least annually or more often as required (e.g. by PHS Policy or AWA)
Entities or personnel that may conduct post-approval monitoring
IACUC, veterinary staff, animal care staff, compliance staff
This *must* occur when pain or distress is beyond the level anticipated in the protocol description or when interventional control is not possible.
Veterinary consultation
Regarding aquatic animal housing, this phrase refers to the physical structure used to contain the water and the animals as well as the ancillary equipment used to move and/or treat the water
Life support system
Entity that should oversee aspects of animal care and use such as housing and husbandry to ensure the Program complies with the Guide
Attending Veterinarian
Responsibility for review and investigation of animal welfare concerns rests with the IACUC and this other entity/individual
the IO
Where biologic agents are used, this publication should be consulted for appropriate facility design and safety procedures
CDC and NIH's Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL)