Cardiac Anatomy
The largest artery in the body that carries blood from the heart.
Aorta
What is the recommended first-line medication to give a conscious patient with suspected ACS?
Aspirin
Crushing chest pain that radiates to the jaw or left arm is classic for this.
Myocardial infarction
This medication is given to reduce clot formation in patients suspected of having a heart attack.
Aspirin
How deep should chest compressions be for an adult during CPR?
2 inches
Which valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium?
Tricuspid valve
Name the classic symptom of ACS that usually presents as pressure or squeezing in the chest.
Angina
Sudden onset chest pain with shortness of breath and a history of recent surgery could indicate this life-threatening condition.
Pulmonary embolism
What is a common side effect of nitroglycerin that patients may experience?
Headache
Name the ratio of compressions to breaths in two-rescuer adult CPR
30:2
What is the name of the bundle of specialized heart muscle fibers that conducts impulses from the AV node to the ventricles?
Bundle of His
Besides chest pain, name two other common symptoms of ACS.
Shortness of breath & diaphoresis
What emergency occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively?
Heart failure
Why is aspirin given as a chewable tablet during an acute cardiac event?
Allows faster absorption into the bloodstream
What’s the first step in the BLS chain of survival?
Early recognition and activation of EMS
This muscle layer of the heart is responsible for contraction.
Myocardium
What 5 lifestyle factors increase the risk of developing ACS?
Smoking, high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle
A tearing chest pain radiating to the back could suggest this vascular emergency.
Aortic dissection
This medication is contraindicated in patients with a right ventricular infarction.
Nitroglycerin
Name the ratio of compressions to breaths in two-rescuer pediatric CPR
15:2
Name the thick muscular wall that separates the left and right ventricles.
Interventricular septum
What are the main arteries commonly blocked during ACS?
Left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), and circumflex artery
A child with a history of CHD suddenly becomes blue and lethargic. SpO₂ is 72% and does not improve with oxygen. What should you suspect?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What medication is given at the ALS level for cardiac arrest?
Epinephrine
What’s the main reason why excessive ventilation during CPR can be harmful?
Decreases venous return and cardiac output