Outside countries' roles
How did Europe's threat of war on other countries help Europe?
It guaranteed more revenue for Europe.
Name a reason Latin America couldn't fight long, drawn-out wars
1. It would cost too much money
2. The geography made it too difficult
3. There weren't many reasons for conflict
What positive thing did Latin America's class system challenge?
Nationalism
How did the threat of other countries affect Latin America's nationalism?
When there were limited threats from surrounding countries, there was less nationalism, but when there were threats from European countries, there was more nationalism.
Name at least 2 misconceptions about Latin America (besides one about Latin America in war)
1. That most of their history was directly due to European influence
2. Most Latin American states have been ruled by military strongmen who oppress their people, for most of their history
3. Latin America's military regimes make it stronger and it's not a sign of its weakness
How can citizen soldiers or citizen taxpayers benefit from being soldiers/taxpayers?
They can use it as leverage to gain more political participation.
What is a misconception about Latin America in war?
There have been many long, destructive wars between Latin American states
What happened to the class divisions after Latin American countries gained independence?
The ruling class was worried it would lose its power to the lower classes
What did the relative lack of xenophobia do for Latin America?
There was less of an identifiable "other," so they because less nationalist.
What is the name of the theory that states why wars may help a country become more successful?
Tilly's Theory
How were certain European states able to transform themselves into national states?
Their rulers were able to develop coercive institutions that protected their populations.
Who do Latin American states fight their wars against?
Their own country; civil wars, wars for independence.
Who was at the top, middle, and bottom of Latin American heirarchy?
1. Spanish-born people
2. Creoles and Mestizos
3. Indigenous people and slaves
How did Latin America's international and civil wars affect its nationalism
The lack of international wars and the surplus of civil wars led to less nationalism.
Which is older, Italy and Germany vs Independent nation states in Latin America?
Independent nation states in Latin America
Why are Latin American states less economically and politically successful than European states?
There is more international peace in Latin America
How could a war benefit Latin America, and why didn't it?
It could have had the potential to build states, but most Latin American countries lacked the institutional foundation to build it on.
What was the interaction between the armed forces and the class divisions?
The class divisions prevented the armed forces from bringing people together
In what ways was Latin America not having to tax its citizens a bad thing?
The states didn't bargain with its citizens and form a bond with its citizens
Why did European countries seem a lot more stable than Latin American countries?
They were richer due to colonialism.
Why were Britain and the US willing to give loans to Latin America for their wars? (2 reasons)
1. They would be allowed to have their CIA run the Latin American countries in exchange
2. They could extract resources from the Latin American countries, and keep the products
Why didn't the small scale Latin American wars not require states to build up their tax collection apparatus? (2 reasons)
1. They already had a steady source of revenue, in the form of exports
2. These small wars could be paid for by loans from Britain or the US, who were willing to help
What is the difference between the Latin American class division and the European class division?
The different classes were more pronounced in Latin America
How did middle class people in a Latin American country see themselves?
As different from the lower class people in their own country, but not too different from the middle class people of a neighboring Latin American country.
What do Latin American nation states see themselves as?
Sister Republics, and a large community