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This area in the brain is primary responsible for imitating the ventilation cycle
Medulla oblongata
This structure in the brain is involved in changing the depth of inspiration , expiration or both.
Pons
These two structures within the brain work together to help you get the right amount of air when you need it:
Pons and the medulla
The amount of air moved in or out of the lungs in a single breath is called
Tidal volume
The deepest breath you can take after a normal breath is called:
Inspiratory reserve volume
The maximum amount of air you can forcefully breathe out after a normal breath:
Expiratory reserve volume
Gas remains in the lungs to keep them inflated is called:
Residual volume
The part of the airway that has no alveoli; where no gas exchange occurs:
Dead space
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in a minute:
Minute volume
Breathing of a significant effort, and may require the accessory muscles in the chest, neck and abdomen:
Inadequate respirations when the brain continues to send signals to the breathing muscles
Agonal gasps
Systemic circulation carries blood from the heart to the:
Body
Pulmonary circulation is when blood is carried from the heart to the:
Lungs
The heart muscle is also called:
The myocardium
Upper and lower chambers of the heart
Upper: Atrium
Lower: Ventricles
Right side is low pressure and the left side is high pressure.
The heart requires a constant supply of:
Oxygen and nutrients
The heart muscle blood supply comes from:
The aorta
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:
Pulmonary veins
Thin bands of fibrous tissue that prevent the heart's valves from inverting:
Chordae tindinae
The amount of blood moved in one beat:
Stroke volume
The amount of blood moved in one minute is called:
Cardiac output.
CO= HR X SV
Depolarization vs repolarization:
Depolarization: The electrical charges on the surface of the hear turn from positive to negative.
Repolarization: The heart returns to its resting state.
The electrical impulse of the heart begins where?
The sinoatrial node
Arteries carry blood:
Veins carry blood:
Back to the heart
The main artery carrying blood to the body from the left side of the heart:
Aorta
Pulmonary artery carries:
Deoxygenated blood. They are the only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood.
Smallest branches of arteries:
Arterioles
Fragile divisions of the arterial system that allows contact between the blood and cells of tissue
Capillaries
The smallest branches of veins are called:
Venules
The veins become larger until they form:
Where do these vessel return from
The superior and inferior vena cava.
Superior vena cava carries blood from the upper body.
Inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower body.
The protein responsible for carrying oxygen:
Hemoglobin
These cell play a role in immune defense:
White blood cells
These allow clots to form in the blood:
Platelets
The liquid portion of blood:
Plasma
Red blood cels have a life span of about:
120 days
When the heart contracts:
Systole
When the heart relaxes when filling with blood:
Diastole
The average adult, child and infant has about how much blood:
Adult: 6 L of blood
Children 2 to 3
Infants: 300 mL
The circulation of blood in an organ or tissue:
Perfusion
The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure:
Pulse pressure
The amount of blood returning to the heart is called:
Preload
The pressure the left side of the heart must overcome when the left ventricle contracts:
Afterload
Inadequate perfusion in the body is called:
Hypoperfusion (shock)
Blood loss causes the vessels to:
Constrict to create a smaller bed for the decreased volume to fill
Blood loss cause the heart to:
Increased the rate to circulate the remaining blood faster. if the loss of blood is to great the adjustment fails and the patient goes into shock.
MAP is:
Mean arterial pressure. The average arterial during systole and diastole.
MAP= (HR X SV) X SVR
30% of blood is found
70% of blood is found within:
The veins and the venules
Nutrients move from the capillaries to:
The interstitial space (between the cells) and then into the intercellular space (inside the cells).
This force pushed fluid out of the capillaries:
Hydrostatic pressure
The opposing force that causes blood to be pulled back into the capillaries by diffusion:
Oncotic pressure
Blood from an artery does what:
Blood from a vein does what:
Blood from capillaries does what:
Artery: Blood gushes because of high pressure.
Veins: flows in a steady stream.
Capillaries: ooze at many tiny individual points.
These two hormones are secreted to stimulate the heart and blood vessels:
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
Beta 1
(Think 1 heart)
Heart; Increased rate and force of contraction
Beta 2
(Think 2 Lungs.)
Broncodilation
The alpha and beta adrenergic receptors prepare yhe body for:
Fight or flight
Alpha 1
Blood vessels constricted.
Muscarinic
Heart decreased rate and force of contraction
Pressure sensors with the body are called:
This structure comprises the brain and the spinal cord:
Central nervous system
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord that link the CNs to various organs throughout the body:
Peripheral nervous system
1. Regulates over which we have voluntary control, such as walking, talking, writing:
2. Involuntary portion; digestion, dilation and constriction of vessels:
1. Somatic nervous system
2. Autonomic nervous system
Controls all functions of the body:
Brain
The largest portion of the brain:
Cerebrum
Part of the brain that controls balance, muscle coordination and posture:
Cerebellum
The relay center that connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord:
Brainstem
The three parts of the brainstem:
The midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.
Part of the brain that regulates consciousness:
Reticular activating system (RAS)
Deoxygenated blood drains from the head via:
The internal and external jugular veins.
The primary function of the spinal cord is to:
Transmit messages between the brain and the body.
1.The fight or flight reaction that enables you to respond to stress:
2. Slows the body to the resting state; rest and digest:
1. Sympathetic nervous system
2. Parasympathetic nervous system
1.Sensory nerves function by:
2. Motor nerves function by:
1. Sending messages to the brain via the spinal cord.
2. Carrying information from the brain to the muscles.
What extends into skeletal muscle that when it receives an electrical impulse causes the muscle to contract:
Axons