anatomy & physiology
what is anatomy?
study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
why is the language of anatomy utilized?
special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding (ex. position, direction, regions or structures)
what is the nervous system? function? how?
fast acting control system that responds to internal and external change by activating muscles and glands
what is anterior (ventral) or posterior (dorsal)?
toward or at the end front of the body; in front of
toward or at the backside of the body; behind
what are body planes?
anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements
what is physiology?
study of how the body and its parts work or function
what is positive or negative feedback?
increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther (ex. blood clotting and child birth)
includes most homeostatic control mechanisms to shut off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity (ex. works like a household thermostat)
what is the lymphatic system? function? how?
returns fluids to blood vessels by disposing of debris and it is also involved in immunity
what is superior or inferior?
toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body; above
away from the head end or lower part of a structure of the body; below
what is median?
sagittal plane through the midline of the body; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left halves
what is gross anatomy?
large structures that are easily observable
how does the body maintain homeostasis? in other words, how does it communicate? examples?
the body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems (ex. receptor, control center and effector)
what is the endocrine system? function?
secretes regulatory hormones (ex. growth, reproduction, and metabolism)
what is superficial or deep?
toward or at the body surface
away from the body surface; more internal
what is frontal plane?
a vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions
what is microscopic anatomy?
very small structures that can only be viewed with a microscope
why is homeostasis important?
maintenance of a stable internal environment = a dynamic state of equilibrium
what is the integumentary system? function? how?
forms the external body covering (the skin) as it protects deeper tissue from injury while it also synthesizes vitamin D. it is also a location of cutaneous nerve receptors
what is proximal or distal?
close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
farther from the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
what is transverse plane?
horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts
what does anatomy & physiology primarily touch base on?
the human body
list the necessary life functions and survival needs
movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, and growth
nutrients, oxygen and water
how many organ systems are there? and list them
11
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive
what is lateral, intermediate or medial?
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
what is median and frontal plane also known as?
midsagittal
coronal plane