Pathogens
What is a pathogen?
Any harmful microbe. (What is a pathogen for one species may not be pathogen for another species.)
Name 2 things that are a part of the 1st response to a pathogen.
Skin, Sweat, Tears, Stomach acid, Hair (cilia), Mucus
Antibodies are created to lock onto...
Antigens
What can weaken your immune system? (name at least 1)
Unhealthy eating, not enough sleep, unhealthy habits like drug abuse, (including tobaco, alcohol)
If you classify white blood cells into two main categories, they would be...
Phagocytes or macrophages (second line of defence, part of innate system), and Lymphoyctes (third line of defense, part of adaptive system)
What kind of pathogens would you treat with antibiotics?
Bacterial mostly
What is another name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
What is an antigen?
A specific part (protein) on the surface of the pathogen which allows the adaptive system to recognize the pathogen in order to destroy it.
Why do people catch the cold again and again?
The common cold is actually many different virus, as well as mutating viruses. If you catch one, you are not immune to another kind.
What is another name for macrophages?
Phagocytes
Why don't we take antibiotics to cure COVID-19?
COVID-19 is a virus which are not affected by antibiotics.
You are considered to be "infected" by a pathogen when your innate system ....
Is not able to destroy the pathogen allowing the pathogen to multiply
Vaccines work by...
Teaching your immune system to recognize antigens in order to create antibodies which then can destroy the pathogen.
What is "autoimmunity"?
The immune system attacks healthy cells instead of only pathogens.
Which white blood cell is the "smartest" in that it can analyse pathogens and get the rest of the immune system to produce the correct antibodies and destroy the pathogen.
Dendritic cells
Other than virus, bacteria and fungus, what else is a pathogen?
Parasites
What is another name for the Innate system, and why is it called this?
Non-specific system, because it attacks pathogens the same way regardless of what kind of pathogen it is.
What is another name for the Adaptive system, and why is it called this?
Acquired System, because it needs to acquire knowledge about pathogens in order to destroy them
What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Where are your B-cells and T-cells located?
Lymph nodes
What does it mean to be immune? (Specifically, what has happened with the B-cells and the T-cells?)
When the B-cells and T-cells are finished fighting the pathogen, they can become memory cells which will immediately fight the pathogen is it attacks your body again.
Cuts in your skin are quickly healed with scabs produced by these two things.
Platelets and Fibrin
Which cells create the antibodies?
B-cells
Name two different kinds of white blood cells.
Neutrophil, phagocyte, macrophage, lymphocytes, killer cells, MKC, etc.
Where are your white blood cells created?
In the bone marrow