History of the Indigenous peoples
What was the reason for a treaty between the First Nations peoples and European settlers throughout the War of 1812?
Threat of American Expansion in British North America/New France
When was the Indian Act amended?
1876
In what year did the last Residential school close?
1996
What does the Spirit bear symbolize?
The Spirit Bear or 'White Bear' is significant in First Nations culture and symbolizes peace, strength, vitality, and harmony.
The relationship between the Indigenous peoples and European settlers could be described as...?
Mutually Beneficial
What was the primary purpose of the Indian Act?
To administer Indian status in an attempt to assimilate Indigenous peoples into Euro-Canadian culture and have jurisdiction over their reserves (land)
Who was the Prime Minister at the time when the Residential School System had primarily been issued?
Sir John A. Macdonald
When does Orange Shirt day take place annually?
September 30th
The system in which the exchange of goods and knowledge takes place between two groups is called...?
Bartering/The Barter System
List 2 ways you could be under the Indian Status
1. If you lived on assigned reserve lands and territory on orders of the Canadian government
2. If you were related to other Indian people by blood
3. If you were specialized/registered on a specific list
How many Indigenous children were killed by the closing of these schools?
An estimated 6000
Who was Gord Downie and what contributions did he make to reconcile with the Indigenous community?
Gord Downie created the 'Secret Path' album, a musical album based on a fictional story of a boy named Cheney Wenjack; a Residential school victim. Their music highlights the abuse and pain inflicted on the children and the tragedy that took place for decades at these systematic educational institutes.
Which provinces were a part of Confederation?
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada (Present day Ontario and Quebec)
When were Indigenous people under assimilation? (Century Wise)
Mainly the 1900's
What does the 'Sixties Scoop' refer to?
The era of mass removal of Aboriginal children from their families into systematic communities, institutions adoptive families, and residential schools.
What does the Legacy of Hope foundation do?
The Legacy of Hope foundation is a charitable organization that educates and creates awareness about the Residential school system through recognizing the stories of those who survived, and honoring the ones lost.
The Indian Act of 1876 was post which Gradual Acts?
Post Gradual Civilization Act and Gradual Enfranchisement Act
List 3 ways the First Nations peoples were impacted by discrimination
1. Under the jurisdiction and control of the Canadian government at all times
2. Cultural and religious practices were illegal
3. CIA agents were sent to over look daily activities on reserve grounds
4. The residential school system
How were the students abused throughout their time at Residential schools?
Physically (Whipping, long hours of labor, etc), Mentally (Stripped of their identities and given a number), Psychologically (Assimilation and cultural genocide), and Sexually (Rape)
What is the process of reconciliation?
The need for the Canadian government to justify the infringement of Aboriginal and treaty rights, and includes the requirement to consult and accommodate Indigenous peoples for decisions that affect their cultural activities and treaty rights.