GENERAL
What is meant by Overt Observation?
A. Where the researcher is "undercover"; the participants are unaware that they are being observed
B. Participants are aware they are being observed
B. Participants are aware they are being observed
Which of the following is not one of Bandura's mediating processes in his theory of Social Cognitive Theory?
A. Retention
B. Problem-solving
C. Motivation
D. Attention
What does it mean when we say that a social identity has become "salient"?
A. That is resistant to change.
B. That it can change over time.
C. That we are more aware of that particular social identity.
D. That we are unaware of the influence of that particular social identity.
That we are more aware of that particular social identity.
Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?
A. Americans tend to value freedom and independence.
B. The Czech Republic drinks a lot of beer.
C. Japanese men are workaholics.
D. There is a low crime rate in Denmark.
Japanese men are workaholics.
What is meant by covert observation?
A. Where the researcher is "undercover"; the participants are unaware that they are being observed
B. Participants are aware they are being observed
Where the researcher is "undercover"; the participants are unaware that they are being observed
1
Which of the following is not a factor in social cognitive learning theory?
A. Being able to remember the actions of the model.
B. Paying attention to a model.
C. Having the motivation to replicate the behaviour.
D. The model must be a member of the learner's in-group.
The model must be a member of the learner's in-group.
Which of the following is not a component of social identity theory?
A. Social categorization into in-groups and out-groups
B. Social comparison
C. Social cognitive learning theory
D. In-group bias and the tendency to use group identity to promote self-esteem.
George sees a Swedish tourist at his local restaurant. He watches as the tourist argues with the waiter about the bill. When the tourist realizes that the mistake is his, and not the waiter’s, he does not apologize but storms out of the restaurant. George thinks that all Swedish tourists are rude. Which theory or concept below explains what just happened?
A. Confirmation bias
B. Informational social influence
C. Grain of truth hypothesis
D. Illusory correlation
D. Illusory correlation
What does it mean when we say that Rogers & Frantz’s study was cross-sectional?
A. The study analyzed data from the population only at one point in time.
B. The study compared the results of several different studies.
C. The sample represented all types of people from the population being studied.
D. The study had more than one culture represented.
The study analyzed data from the population only at one point in time.
When we are exposed to something over time and learn through repetition.
B. When we see someone else get positive feedback and therefore imitate the behaviour.
C. When we get negative feedback and therefore stop a behaviour.
D. When we get positive feedback and therefore continue a behaviour.
B. When we see someone else get positive feedback and therefore imitate the behaviour.
What were the findings of Tajfel & Turner’s “Kandinsky vs Klee” study?
A. The boys' level of self-esteem increased as a result of being in their in-group.
B. The simple act of categorizing oneself as a member of a group led the boys to display in-group favoritism.
C. The boys began to dislike members of the out-group.
D. The boys began to show more competition when they believed that they were competing with an out-group, rather than against members of their in-group.
The simple act of categorizing oneself as a member of a group led the boys to display in-group favoritism.
What is a key limitation of Hamilton & Gifford’s (1976) study?
A. The test itself was highly artificial and may not predict what happens in the "real world."
B. It cannot be replicated.
C. The number of slides was not the same for both groups which means that the data is not comparable.
D. It used nationalities for which the participants may have already had stereotypes.
A. The test itself was highly artificial and may not predict what happens in the "real world."
What did Festinger conclude from his study of the Doomsday cult?
A. The cult members had no clear idea of why they were joining the cult.
B. Cult members rationalized their failure in order to protect their self-esteem.
C. People are willing to forgive their leaders, as long as they feel that they did their best and made honest mistakes.
D. People who are more religious are more likely to join cults.
Cult members rationalized their failure in order to protect their self-esteem.
How many independent variables were there in Bandura’s (1961) study?
A. 4
B. 1
C. 3
D. 2
C. 3
Which of the following is a limitation of Social Identity Theory?
A. The theory is not able to predict which social identity will most influence an individual's behaviour in a particular situation.
C. The studies were case studies and therefore cannot be replicated. The studies have low reliability.
D. It has very few applications in the real world.
A. The theory is not able to predict which social identity will most influence an individual's behaviour in a particular situation.
John is American. In a study of geography skills, John was asked to read an article about how poorly Americans score on world geography tests compared to Europeans. He doesn’t believe that the article is true. What can we predict will be the results of his geography test?
A. He will do poorly due to stereotype threat.
B. His anxiety will rise and he will not be able to take the test.
C. He will not do poorly because he doesn't believe in the stereotype.
D. He will do really well in order to prove that the stereotype is incorrect.
A. He will do poorly due to stereotype threat.
The children in Bandura’s study may have acted more aggressively because they thought that the researcher wanted them to. This is an example of
A. Optimism bias
B. Expectancy effect
C. Screw you effect
D. Researcher bias
B
What is an explanation for why the children in Bandura’s 1961 study did not imitate the behaviour of the female model when she was bashing the Bobo?
A. The women only engaged in verbal aggression and most of the children were too young to understand.
B. The children were afraid of her.
C. Her behaviour was not seen as consistent with women's behaviour.
D. She reminded them of their mothers.
C. Her behaviour was not seen as consistent with women's behaviour.
Social categorization is the process of classifying people into groups based on similar characteristics, whether it be nationality, age, occupation, or some other trait.
A. True
B. False
True
What research method was used in Martin & Halvorson's study of gender stereotyping and memory?
A. A true experiment
B. A naturalistic observation
C. A quasi-experiment
D. A field experiment
A. A true experiment