The Agrarian Revolution
The system of production prior to the Industrial Revolution, also known as the putting-out system.
What is the Domestic System?
This production system centralized production in large buildings, with machines powered by steam, which increased productivity. Workers followed strict schedules, often working long hours under harsh conditions, with little control over their work environment.
What is the Manufacturing System?
A series of laws passed to regulate working hours and conditions in factories, particularly for children. They limited the number of hours children could work and established minimum age requirements.
What is the Factory Acts?
This economic system is based on ideas like laissez-faire, a free market economy, and supply and demand
What is Capitalism?
The name of the fungus that plagued Irish Potato Crops
What is the Blight?
This name of the innovation invented by Jethro Tull, which led to an increase in crops being planted and reaching maturity.
What is the Seed Drill?
This innovation, improved upon by James Watt powered the machines and locomotives that drove that Industrial Revolution
What is the Steam Engine?
This legislation made schooling compulsory for children up to age 10, ensuring they spent time in education rather than factories. These reforms helped reduce child labor and improve children's welfare by balancing work and education.
What is the Elementary Education Act of 1880?
Who helped write the communist manifesto and strived for the working class (proletariat) to overthrow the upper class (bourgeoise)?
Who is Karl Marx or Friedrich Engels
Who owned the fertile land suitable for growing other crops besides potatoes in Ireland
Who is British Landlords?
Farmers did this to improve the quality of livestock every year.
What is Selective Breeding?
The name of the disease that spread through contaminated drinking water.
What is Cholera?
Factories and homes used coal for fuel what did this lead to.
What is air pollution or Smog?
According to Karl Marx how can the Proletariat change the capitalist system?
What is Revolution
These healthy crops were exported from Ireland despite widespread famine and starvation
What is oats and wheat?
Charles Townshend introduced this system to better maintain and make usage of available farmland
What is (Dutch) Crop Roation
How long the typical work day was for children prior to reform movements in this period.
What is 12-14 hours?
This act established local boards of health with powers to improve sanitation, water supply, and housing. It was one of the first major steps toward government involvement in public health.
What is the Public Health Act of 1848?
Who owns production and property in a communist society
What is the Government?
The policy of the British government in response to this Potato Famine was
-What is laissez-faire or hands off
-building workhouses and public works projects, rather than providing direct food relief, proved ineffective.
Explain how improvements in food production during the Agricultural Revolution led to increased urbanization
- improvements in agriculture increased the food supply, which led to a population boom
- farming became more efficient with fewer laborers needed due to new machinery like the seed drill and mechanical reapers, and many agricultural workers lost their jobs.
Describe the conditions of working in a factory
-Long hours/Limited Wages
- Poorly ventilated-filled with dust and smoke
- Dangerous Machinery that could lead to injury
What measures were taken to address health problems that arose due to the Industrial Revolution. Name one
- Improvement of water treatment systems to provide clean drinking water.
- Building of proper sewage systems to manage waste.
- Regulations on housing to prevent overcrowding and unsanitary living conditions.
This, according to Adam Smith, guides the free market via productivity and supply and demand
What is the Invisible Hand?
Name one long-term consequence of the Irish Potato Famine.
- Mass emigration: Over one million people fled Ireland, primarily to the United States and Canada, changing the demographic and cultural landscape of Ireland.
- Deepened resentment toward British rule: The famine fueled anti-British sentiment, contributing to the growth of Irish nationalism and the eventual push for Irish independence.
- Population decline: Ireland's population decreased dramatically, and it took many decades for it to recover.