The I.R.
Before the I.R. what percentage of the world's population worked in farming? What is the percentage today in the U.S.?
80% - Less than 1%
A new labor system
What is a labor union?
A workers' organization which won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working conditions
What role did railroads play during the Second Industrial Revolution?
What is John Green's definition of the I.R.?
What did the success of the steam engine increase the need for?
Coal
Until reforms would curb the worst abuses of the early industrial age, what could working people look forward to?
Lives marked by dangerous working conditions, unsafe, unsanitary, and overcrowded housing, and unrelenting poverty
Which of the following best captures the sentiment of social critics during the Second Industrial Revolution?
What was the Cottage Industry?
People making cloth in their own homes
What became a basic feature of the new industrial economy?
Ongoing economic growth
How did the Factory System differ from farm work?
Workers faced a rigid schedule set by the factory whistle
What was the significance of mass production during the Second I.R.?
It made consumer goods more accessible and affordable to the average person
Why did Karl Marx despise capitalism?
He believed it created prosperity for only a few and poverty for many
What is urbanization?
Which of the following technological advancements was a hallmark of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Electricity and assembly line manufacturing
Explain the laissez-faire, or "hands off approach", to economics.
What contributions did James Watt make to the Cotton Industry?
He made it more productive with improvements to the steam engine
What is a tenement?
A multi-story building divided in crowded apartments
Which statement best describes the social changes brought about by the Second Industrial Revolution?
It led to the creation of a wealthy entrepreneurial class supported by a working class of immigrants and rural migrants
What is the means of production?
The farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods