Internet Basics
What is the cloud?
The cloud is a system of remote servers used to store, manage, and process data.
What is Wi-Fi?
Wi-Fi is a technology that allows devices to connect to the Internet wirelessly using radio waves.
What does "buffering" mean in the context of streaming?
Buffering refers to the temporary storing of data to allow for smooth playback of media like videos.
What is a virus in the context of cybersecurity?
A virus is a type of malware that can replicate itself and spread to other computers.
What is the purpose of a web browser?
A web browser allows users to access and navigate the Internet by interpreting web pages
Define the Internet and describe its core purpose.
The Internet is a global network of interconnected devices that communicate through standardized protocols. Its core purpose is to facilitate the exchange of information.
What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for a vastly larger number of unique IP addresses.
Define latency and bandwidth. How do they affect Internet performance?
Latency is the time it takes for data to travel between two points, while bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted at once. High latency or low bandwidth can slow down Internet performance.
What are some examples of cybersecurity threats, and how can they be mitigated?
Examples include phishing, malware, and DDoS attacks. They can be mitigated through strong passwords, antivirus software, and network security practices.
Explain the role of redundancy in Internet routing.
Redundancy in routing ensures data can still reach its destination even if one route fails by rerouting through alternate paths.
Provide an example of an ethical concern related to Internet use, and explain its significance.
An ethical concern is privacy invasion, such as unauthorized data collection by companies or governments. This affects individuals’ rights and freedoms.
In what scenarios is UDP preferred over TCP, and why?
UDP is preferred in situations where speed is more important than reliability, such as real-time video or voice communication.
Describe how an HTTP request is processed, starting from entering a URL into a browser.
When you enter a URL, the browser sends a request to the DNS to resolve the domain name to an IP address. The request is then sent to the server, which returns the web content.
Why is cybersecurity important, and what are some best practices for staying safe online?
Cybersecurity protects against unauthorized access to systems and data. Best practices include using strong, unique passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, and updating software regularly.
Describe the function of HTTP in Internet communication.
HTTP is used to transfer data over the web, enabling browsers to request and receive content from servers.
Explain how DNS works to translate domain names into IP addresses.
DNS maps human-readable domain names to IP addresses so browsers can locate the correct server.
What is the primary function of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
TCP ensures reliable data transfer by establishing a connection, breaking data into packets, and ensuring packets are received and reassembled in the correct order.
Provide examples of how the Internet facilitates collaboration.
The Internet enables collaboration through tools like video conferencing, shared document editing, and communication platforms.
Describe how an HTTP request is processed, starting from entering a URL into a browser.
When you enter a URL, the browser resolves the domain name using DNS, then sends a request to the web server for the page.
Explain how DNS caching works to speed up Internet connections.
DNS caching stores recently resolved domain names and their corresponding IP addresses locally, reducing lookup time for subsequent requests
Describe the function of a router in a network.
A router directs data packets between different networks, ensuring they reach their destination through the most efficient route.
How does TCP ensure all packets are received and in the correct order?
TCP uses sequencing numbers and acknowledgments to track packets, ensuring they are received in the correct order and retransmitting any lost packets.
What are some key differences between TCP and UDP?
TCP is reliable and ensures data is transferred in order, while UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery or order.
Explain how encryption works to secure Internet communication.
Encryption encodes data so that it can only be read by someone with the correct decryption key, ensuring secure communication over the Internet.
How do IP addresses ensure devices can communicate over the Internet?
IP addresses uniquely identify devices on a network, allowing them to communicate with one another by specifying the sender and receiver in data packets.