Judicial 101
DAILY DOUBLE
This article of the Constitution established the national Supreme Court, creating the third branch of the federal government.
What is Article 3?
This 1803 case established the principle of Judicial Review, making the Supreme Court the final arbiter of the Constitution.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This term refers to the authority of a court to hear and decide a specific case. They have no power outside of theirs.
What is Jurisdiction?
This is the specific number of Supreme Court Justices who must agree to hear a case before it is placed on the docket.
What is the Rule of Four?
This is the highest court in the North Carolina state judicial system.
What is the N.C. Supreme Court?
This 1789 action by Congress established the federal district and circuit courts of appeals.
What is the Judiciary Act of 1789?
This 1954 decision unanimously ruled that "separate but equal" is inherently unequal, mandating school desegregation.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Not the guy in the White House, this is a legal decision that serves as a guide or rule for future, similar cases.
What is a Precedent?
This document is the official ruling of the Supreme Court and details its legal reasoning.
What is a Majority Opinion?
While federal judges are appointed and approved, North Carolina judges are selected through this process.
What is Election (by citizens)?
This system describes the U.S. having two distinct, simultaneous court systems (Federal and State) operating under the principle of Federalism.
What is the Dual Court System?
This case established that suspects must be informed of their constitutional rights, such as the right to remain silent, before police interrogation.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
Translated as "let it stand," this doctrine obligates courts to follow historical cases when ruling on similar ones.
What is Stare Decisis?
This type of jurisdiction allows a court to hear a case for the first time; for the Supreme Court, this is limited primarily to cases involving diplomats or disputes between states.
What is Original Jurisdiction?
This 1787 case was the first state-level example of Judicial Review in America, occurring in North Carolina.
What is Bayard v. Singleton?
Federal judges serve during "good behavior," meaning they hold their positions for this long to ensure independence from political pressure.
What is a Lifetime Tenure (or Life Term)?
This case protected student symbolic speech, famously stating that students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate."
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
DAILY DOUBLE
This is the term for sending a case back to a lower court to be tried again with new instructions.
What is Remand?
This type of opinion is written by justices who disagree with the court's final ruling.
What is a Dissenting Opinion?
The Justices of the North Carolina Supreme Court are on the clock, having this amount of time before the end of their term.
Federal judges must be nominated by this official and then confirmed by this legislative body.
Who is the President and what is the Senate?
In this 1972 case, the Court ruled that state compulsory education laws cannot override sincerely held religious beliefs.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
This is a request for the Supreme Court to order a lower court to send up records for a case review.
What is a Writ of Certiorari (or "Cert")?
This rule states that evidence obtained in violation of the 4th Amendment cannot be used in court, evidence known as "fruit of the poisonous tree."
What is the Exclusionary Rule?
This famous North Carolina case established that the state constitution guarantees every child the right to a "sound basic education."
What is Leandro v. State?