Knee Anatomy
Conditions of the Knee
NAME THAT TEST
Muscles of the Knee
Mechanics of Injury
100
This is the ligament marked by "h".
What is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?
100
This condition occurs because of abnormal patellar tracking.
What is Chondromalacia?
100
The evaluation test used for the medial collateral ligament.
What is the Valgus stress test?
100
The medial Hamstring muscles.
What are the semitendosis and semimembranosus muscles?
100
With an ACL tear or a subluxation of the patella... this usually happens within 2 hours of the injury.
What is swelling?
200
This bone in the knee is the largest sesamoid bone in the body.
What is the Patella?
200
This condition occurs commonly over the lateral knee in long distance runners.
Illiotibial Band Friction Syndrome
200
This test involves placing the knee in 30 degrees of flexion and pulling the tibia anteriorly while stabilizing the femur.
What is the Lachman's test?
Bonus: Can you name the ligament tested?
200
Name the knee extensor muscles.
Quadriceps: vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectis femoris
200
A forceful blow to the front of the knee normally with the knee flexed will cause this injury.
What is a PCL tear?
300
This ligament labeled "d" is injured when a varus force is placed across the knee. The ligament on the other side of the knee labeled "j" is injured with a valgus force.
What is the lateral and medial collateral ligament?
300
Another name for Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle.
What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
300
A meniscus test that involves lying the patient prone, positioning the knee at 90 degrees and placing a force down through the heel and foot.
What is Apley's compression test?
300
The patella tendon attaches to this prominence on the anterior tibia.
What is the tibial tuberosity?
300
You're late to class so you take the stairs two at a time and feel a grinding crunch in your knee. You notice your knee now has a catch in it as you flex and extend the knee. What do you think you injured?
Meniscus/Cartilage
400
The cartilaginous disks of the knee that absorb shock, increase contact area of the femur on the tibia, and are labeled "C" and "I".
What is the lateral and medial meniscus.
400
This occurs in athletes involved in jumping sports and manifests as pain on the distal pole of the patella.
What is Patellar tendonitis?
400
This test is performed with the patient supine. Then flex and extend the knee with the foot turned inward and then turned outward.
What is McMurray's test?
Bonus: What does it test for?
400
The pes anserine muscle group inserts on the medial tibia below the joint line. It is comprised of 3 muscles... one flexes the hip and knee, another adducts the hip and flexes the knee, the last one flexes the knee. They all internally rotate the tibia on the femur. What are they?
What are the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles
400
You have a basketball player with genu valgum (knock knees). She comes to you complaining of pain along the medial patella when she plants and cuts away from that knee. What is wrong?
Patellar Subluxation
500
The four primary extensor muscles of the knee.
What are the quadricep muscles: vastis medialis oblique, vastis lateralis, rectis femoris, vastis intermedius
500
This condition occurs when a remnant of the synovial sheath tightens and becomes inflamed over the medial knee.
(Hint: this part of the synovium is absorbed by the body in 80% of people after birth)
What is Plica band syndrome?
500
This test is performed while the patient is supine with the knee flexed 90 degrees and a posterior force is placed into the tibial tuberosity. The test is for the PCL.
What is the posterior drawer test?
500
This muscle internally rotates the tibia on the knee.
What is the Popliteus?
500
A defensive lineman goes down on the field. When you get there he reports he was cut blocked and felt a pop in his knee and has pain on the medial aspect of his knee. He has a positive valgus stress test, positive lachman's test and a positive McMurray's test. What structures are involved with the UNHAPPY TRIAD.
Medial Collateral ligament, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, and the Medial Meniscus.