Joint and Bones
What type of joint is the knee?
Complex synovial joint or atypical hinge joint
What fibrocartilaginous semicircular disc lies on each of the tibial condyles?
Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus
What are the movements of the knee joint?
Flexion, extension, and even rotation (happens during full extension and initiation of flexion - Called screw home mechanism)
What nerve supplies the quadriceps?
Femoral nerve
Along with the gluteus maximus, what main muscle group raises the body from sitting to standing?
Quadriceps
What bones are involved in the knee joint?
Femur, tibia, patella, NOT fibula
Name the strong collateral ligaments of the knee joint.
Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
Name one activity that involves both flexion and extension of the knee.
Walking, squats, kicking etc.
What nerve supplies the hamstring group of muscles?
Sciatic nerve (biceps femoris) and tibial nerve (semitendinosus + semimembranosus)
Where do the three hamstrings originate from?
Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis
What does the femur articulate with?
The tibial condyles/plateau and the patella
What ligaments of the knee cross one another and prevent the femur from rolling off the tibia?
Cruciate ligaments
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
In what plane do flexion and extension take place?
Sagittal
What two nerves does the sciatic nerve splint into just above the knee?
Tibial and common peroneal nerve
What muscle of the quadriceps is the only one to pass over the hip joint?
Rectus femoris
What are the two names of the joints at the knee?
The tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint
Name two of the four functions of the menisci within the knee.
Increase congruence between the femur and the tibia
Act as “shock absorbers” (bodyweight on the tibial plateau)
Assist in weight-bearing across the joint
Aid in lubrication via the circulation of synovial fluid
What are the prime movers for extension? One group, 4 muscles.
Quadriceps femoris group
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
100 bonus points: tensor fasciae latae
At what vertebrae does the femoral nerve supply?
L2, L3, L4
What two muscles are involved in locking and unlocking of the knee when standing?
Quadriceps and popliteus
In what groove does the patella lie in?
Intercondylar or patellofemoral groove (indentation of the femur)
What tendon inserts the quadricep muscles at the patella?
The ligamentum patellae
What are the prime movers for flexion? One group, 3 muscles.
Hamstrings:
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Extra 100 points: Gastrocnemius, Popliteus, Gracilis and Sartorius
What arteries supply the knee?
Large Femoral and Popliteal arteries
What is the screw home mechanism? 3 possible answers.
Key for knee stability
It’s the rotation between the tibia and femur
Occurs at the end of knee extension, between 0 degrees of knee extension and 20 degrees of knee flexion and happens automatically