What is fatigue, reduced exercise capacity, syncope, PHTN, Pulmonary or systemic edema, CP, dysrhythmias, blood clots, heart failure
100
Retrograde flow in the Descending Aorta
What is significant AI
100
93% of patients have this
What is TR
100
MPG: 5-10 mmHg
What is moderate MS
200
Normally calcified in elderly patients
What is Aortic Valve
200
First complication LVH then LVE
What is AS
200
15 mmHG for RAP
What is <50% collapse of IVC and Dil IVC
200
Invasion of an abnormal valve
What is Streptococcus viridans
200
<200 msec
What is severe AI
300
Single stitch across the MV leaflets when they do not close properly
What is Alfieri or Bowtie procedure
300
First complication RVH, right heart failure, RVE, RE, dilation of SVC and IVC
What is PS
300
Pulmonary HTN, high-pitched, and diastolic
What is Graham-Steele Murmur
300
AOV opens early
What is severe acute AI because increased preload cause LVEDP to exceed the LAP so the MV closes early and AOV opens early, infective endocarditis may also cause this
300
Type of prosthesis that is used in patients where chronic anticoagulation is not advised
What is Bioprosthetic Valve
400
what is increased Proximal to the stenotic valve:
What is afterload (pressure)
400
Fever of unknown origin, arthralgia, night sweats, petechiae
What is infective endocarditis
400
Subvalvular Pulmonary Stenosis
What is Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
400
Oscillations detected on m-mode
What is infective edocarditis
400
> or = 8 mm “a” wave
What is severe PS
500
Causes dehiscence
What is an abscess
500
Three complications of Mechanical Valves:
What is thrombus, pannus ingrowth, stenosis, infective endocarditis, regurgitation, dehiscence, mechanical failure, annulus abnormalities
500
What is the equation to calculate Left atrial pressure from the MR gradient:
What is LAP = Systolic BP- MR Gradient
500
Rigid TV leaflets
What is Carcinoid Heart Disease
500
Name of most common least stenotic mechanical prostethic valve