England and France
Who was responsible for the conquest of England?
William the Conqueror
What did they call the leader of Russia?
Tsar or Czar (Caesar)
Which holy city was the site of multiple battles during the crusades, including a slaughter and a peaceful resolution?
Jerusalem
Who was the founder of the Mongol Empire?
Genghis Khan
What was something that Church Scholars typically did that the masses of Europe could not?
Read and Write
Who was responsible for establishing Paris as the French capitol?
King Philip II
Who was responsible for expanding the Spanish Empire?
Charles V
Who held a spirited speech in order to recruit Christians to fight in the Crusades?
Pope Urban II
What invention made the capture of Constantinople possible?
Cannons
Latin
What major event helped define both England and France as nations?
The Hundred-years war
What three things did Ivan the great do for Russia?
What Holy City was fought over between the Christians and Muslims during the Crusades?
Jerusalem
What three areas did the Mongols invade?
Russia, China, and Muslim states in Southwest Asia
What is the scientific name for the Black Death?
Bubonic Plague
Who served as a major unifying factor for France in the Hundred years war?
Joan of Arc
What did Ferdinand and Isabella do to unite Spain?
They threw out the Jews and Moors (Muslims)
What were the four major results of the Crusades?
Weakened the Pope, strengthened monarchs
Stimulated trade
Legacy of Bitterness between the three religions
Weakened the Byzantine Empire
Who captured the city of Constantinople, and what was its name changed to?
Ottoman Turks, Istanbul
Church monasteries were the foundation of what institution?
Universities
Which English King signed the Magna Carta? What was its purpose?
King John, limited the power of the King
What was a major unifying factor for Russia?
The Orthodox Church
What was founded by Christian armies during the Crusades?
Crusader States
What year did Constantinople fall?
1453
What were the five negative impacts of the Black Death?
Decline in population
Scarcity of labor
Disruption of Trade
Large-scale peasant revolts
Massacres of Jewish populations blamed for the Black Death