Abraham Maslow
What is Maslow’s most famous theory?
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
In what field did Ana Teresa López de Llergo develop her work?
Education and ethics
What philosophical movement influenced Max Scheler?
Phenomenology
What is Ortega y Gasset’s most famous philosophical idea?
"I am I and my circumstance" – the idea that personal identity is shaped by external circumstances.
What was María Pliego Ballesteros’ main contribution to the study of values?
She analyzed the role of values in ethics and society.
What are the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Physiological, Safety, Afiliation/Belonging, Recognition/Esteem, and Self-Realization
What is the main focus of her classification of values?
Moral and educational values
What are the four main types of values in Scheler’s hierarchy?
Sensory, Vital, Spiritual, and Holy values
What are the categories of values in his theory?
Social, cultural, intellectual, and historical values.
How does she classify values in her research?
She distinguishes between ethical, aesthetic, and practical values.
What kind of values are found at the top of Maslow’s pyramid?
Self-realization values, including creativity, personal growth, and fulfillment.
How do López de Llergo’s values apply to education?
They emphasize responsibility, respect, and personal development in learning environments.
How does Scheler differentiate between utility values and spiritual values?
Utility values serve practical purposes, while spiritual values (e.g., truth, beauty, justice) exist beyond material concerns
How does Ortega y Gasset relate values to historical and social contexts?
He argues that values evolve with society and are influenced by historical circumstances
How does she differentiate between objective and subjective values?
Objective values exist independently of personal opinions, while subjective values are influenced by individual perspectives.
How does Maslow’s concept of self-actualization relate to values?
It represents the highest form of personal values, focusing on morality, problem-solving, and self-improvement.
How does she distinguish between personal and social values?
Personal values guide individual behavior, while social values shape community and cultural expectations.
What is the role of emotions in Scheler’s theory of values?
Emotions help us perceive and rank values, guiding moral and ethical decisions.
How do his ideas about "circumstance" affect his understanding of values?
Values are not fixed but are shaped by personal and societal experiences.
How can her classification of values be applied to social well-being?
By promoting ethical and practical values, societies can create fair and inclusive environments
How can Maslow’s theory be applied in the workplace?
By ensuring employees' basic needs (salary, security) are met, fostering belonging and recognition, and promoting personal growth opportunities.
How can her perspective help improve moral education today?
By promoting values-based education that encourages ethical decision-making and social responsibility.
How does Scheler’s perspective on values apply to modern ethics?
It emphasizes human dignity, moral responsibility, and the importance of higher values in decision-making
How does Ortega y Gasset’s view of values compare to Maslow’s?
While Maslow’s values are based on individual development, Ortega y Gasset emphasizes the influence of society and history.
How do her ideas about values compare to those of Scheler and López de Llergo?
She shares Scheler’s focus on the hierarchy of values but applies a more social and ethical perspective, similar to López de Llergo