The Pharaoh with the golden beard
Once, ruler Hatshepsut wore the male dress of the pharaoh, which included a ceremonial gold _____.
ceremonial gold beard
Luanda was the first center of Portuguese occupation following their invasion in
1575
Once a person took the title of Ekwe, you were gendered as ____. Ogbo pronouns are gender-neutral, but Ekwe manifested socially not linguistically.
Male
John Ogilby wrote, that they used a "___" name, especially in the army and will acknowledge no otherwise’
man's
Jack Halberstam coined what term?
"female masculinity"
which Heyam does not use because of the implication that the individual is "female," when many of the people talked about in this book who are AFAB, may not have wanted to be categorized in the gender binary, as well as some of them identify as a man.
Hatshepsut used male-coded, female-coded, and what resembles non-binary names. Hatshepsut was declared as not only male but divine and royal. They adopted a mixture of gendered ceremonial names, including a male-coded name "__ __ ___ ___," and a female-coded name, “____ __ ____ ____.”
male-coded name; “Son of the Sun”
female-coded name; “Lady of Both Lands”
From the 1580’s onward, Portuguese and Ndongo fought a series of battles, during the earliest battles, who was born?
Njinga Mbande
True or False: Ekwe people could own land, marry women, and allow any children that the wives bore to carry on the Ekwe family name.
True
True or False:
Women in Ndongo had substantially more political agency than women in Portugal and AFAB people could be understood as masculine in Ndongo society
True
Their father, Thothmes I, referred to Hatshepsut during his lifetime as "__ ______ __ ___ __ ______."
“the majesty of Him my daughter”
How did the people of Ndongo choose a new monarch?
Succession in Ndongo was not strictly hereditary, local rulers would elect a new monarch from various candidates.
In 1891 the British colonizers delegated the city of ____, enabling Britain to install a new leader who served British interests.
Lagos
The precise ways Njinga’s maleness manifested itself are difficult to determine. Most of the contemporary evidence comes from who?
Portuguese Chronicles
True or False: Ancient Egyptians understood gender in a largely binary way: maleness and femaleness were complementary aspects of an essential duality in their religious stories of the world’s creation.
True. While some deities were represented in ways that combined male and female-coded characteristics, the royal roles of King and Queen were strictly defined as complementary male and female offices, and this gendering was reflected in their iconography: the Pharaoh was the living incarnation of the male god Horus.
Stone inscriptions during Hatshepsut’s rain claimed their father (the Pharaoh Thothmes I) had performed a religious ceremony to denote Hatshepsut his heir, crowning them not as Princess but as ____.
not as Princess but as Prince
Ngola Mbande didn’t see his siblings as rivals because they were all AFAB but was worried that they would produce male descendants who could have their claim to the throne. As a result, what did Ngola Mbande do to his siblings?
he had them forcibly sterilized. As well as murdering Njinga’s young son and only child.
Christian mission activities began in the early ____, meaning practices associated with indigenous deities were suppressed. Since the Ekwe title was associated with the worship of the goddess Idemili, it was banned and eliminated aspects of Igbo gender fluidity. This also made it so AFAB people could not gain power or be seen as men and only AMAB people could hold political and economic power.
1840s
Governor Fernao de Sousa wrote to the Portuguese king, and his letters reveal that relations with Njinga consistently preoccupied him. In one ____ letter, he outlines the tactics the Portuguese used to avoid giving Njinga ‘the occasion to make war’, and emphasizes the need to ‘understand [Njinga’s] determination’ in order to succeed in their colonial project. In 1626, he wrote with frustration that Njinga ‘continues to endanger the conquest of the region’.
1625
Thothmes III ordered images of Hatshepsut to be destroyed after their death, what else did Thothmes III hide?
He also hid how they died, and what happened to their mummified body. This still remains an unsolved mystery.
In what year did Ngola Mbande ask Njinga to undertake an embassy to Luanda, their delegation was received by João Correia deSousa and became the first African country to be recognized in such a way.
1621
In the region of _____, the category of ogaranya, referred to people who accrued “wealth-power masculinity”: a form of maleness that necessitated both ‘wealth and commodities’ and ‘wealth in people.’
Ohafia (in the south-east of contemporary Nigeria)
Using this claim Portugal set up a puppet monarch named ___ ____, who had a weaker claim to the throne but was more easily bent
Ngola Hari
At least ___ AFAB people fought in the Civil War
400