People
victory at the Battle of Tours
Charles Martel
His messengers were called this
missi dominici
recipient of an estate
vassal
Which patriarchate rose to preeminence, which allowed its bishop to assume sole authority over the church in the West?
Rome
Who lived a life of poverty because of the rent, fees, and church tithes required of him?
peasant on a manor
West Frankland
Charles the Bald
His empire was divided into three separate kingdoms because of this treaty
Verdun
system of granting land or protection in return for services
feudalism
DAILY DOUBLE
What are the two divisions of the clergy? Describe each of their duties.
The most powerful of the Germanic tribes settled here, establishing the Frankish kingdom
Gaul
Aix-la-Chapelle
Charlemagne
DAILY DOUBLE
Why was Charlemagne called "the Great?" Describe his contributions to the advancement of learning.
symbolic act of handing over land
investiture
Why did the Middle Ages become an age of spiritual ignorance?
people could not read and had to look to the church for spiritual knowledge
Although this church dominated the Middle Ages, this period is characterized as a time of spiritual ignorance and darkness
Catholic Church
East Frankland
Louis the German
Which kingdom reached its peak under Charlemagne?
Frankish
financial payments
aids
These were the primary centers for studying, copying, and preserving ancient manuscripts
Monasteries
a land grant
fief
received the title of emperor and divided land with his brothers
Lothair
His educational reforms included these (name two)
upgrading the literacy of priests and monks
renewing interest in the Bible and classical works
developing a new handwriting style
subdivision of land by a vassal
subinfeudation
Name one fact about the medieval church (there are three main ones)
It was described as catholic or universal
People viewed the large number of local assemblies as parts of one large ecclesiastical organizationPeople conceived of the church solely as an outward, visible institution (Catholic Church)
landholding nobles
lords