Communicators and strategic communication
What role does a person cover if they shape and share messages for politicians or government groups and their goal is to persuade the public?
Of political communicators
What is it called when journalists are deemed as "too objective" by presenting a relationship as balanced even if evidence claims otherwise?
Bothsideism
What model illustrates the different influences that can affect the way journalists report news?
The Hierachies of influence model.
People, actors or content that control information flow.
What is the main goal of advertisers?
Maximizing attention for a product or issue with the intent to persuade.
What is believed to be the correct way to conduct their job, instead of what they actually do?
Role orientation
What is granted to journalists in democratic systems?
Press freedom.
What does gatekeeping authority mean?
The power that traditional media uses to have to control information flow before the digital era.
What is the goal of media organizations with a utilitarian approach?
To maximise profit
What is the highest degree of protection newsfluencers can appeal to?
Freedom of expression *no press freedom.
What is the first micro level of influence on media production?
Journalists' individual characteristics, like political and religious preference, biases and socialisation.
What is a new, alternative gatekeeper originated from the transition to the digital era?
Are churches and religious congregations an example of normative or utilitarian organisations?
Normative
What is a reason thast contributes to audiences trusting journalists?
Transparency of their work (of the journalists & the organisation where they operate in).
What are the 2 interplaying forces that influence media organisations from the outside?
Economic pressures: Competitors, advertisers, owners, unions
Social and political pressure: Legal/political control, pressure groups, social institutions.
What is an ethical issue on new gatekeepers?
No bound to professional norms.
What are the 3 elements that influence advertising?
1. Type of media and formats
2. Consumer behaviour
3. Extended effects of advertising
What is "not disclosing anonymous sources" an example for?
Professional norms of journalists.
How does living in a capitalist system affect journalistic writing in terms of what content is prioritised?
Audience engagement is prioritised over public interest in order to maximise revenue.
What does unregulated gatekeeping possibly cause in terms of fact checking?
Misinformation