Byzantium
This empire was the eastern half of Rome, and its capital was Constantinople.
What was the Byzantine Empire?
Bayt al-Hikma, the court library tied to Caliph al-Ma'mun, is usually called this.
What is the House of Wisdom?
He owed labor on a manor and could not leave, but he was not a slave sold off the land.
What is a serf?
He died in 1187 after turning Arabic books into Latin in Spain.
Who was Gerard of Cremona?
He separated smallpox from measles in a medical book.
Who was al-Razi?
Learning and government in that empire came to be done in this language.
What was Greek?
Paper arrived from China in the 700s, and books became cheaper than this.
What is parchment?
Charlemagne’s reform produced this clearer Latin handwriting.
What is Carolingian minuscule?
The city where he did that work had been in Christian hands since 1085.
What is Toledo?
His Book of Optics tests light and sight instead of only quoting the Greeks.
Greeks.Who was Ibn al-Haytham?
With no printing press, Greek books lasted because people did this, one copy at a time.
What is copying by hand?
The people paid to translate in Baghdad were not of one religion. Name the three groups.
Who were Muslims, Christians, and Jews?
Charlemagne brought this man from York to run the palace school at Aachen.
Who was Alcuin?
Greek, Arabic, and Latin were all in use on this island under the Norman kings.
What is Sicily?
Around 1120 he set conflicting passages from the Bible and the church fathers side by side.
Who was Peter Abelard?
Code, Digest, Institutes, and Novels are the four parts of this collection.
What is Justinian’s Corpus Juris Civilis?
A Greek book often passed through this language on its way into Arabic.
Arabic.What is Syriac?
Set a question, list the objections, give an answer, then reply to each objection.
What is scholasticism?
These wars are the wrong answer if the question is how the library reached Europe.
What were the Crusades?
This Dominican studied with Albert the Great and taught at Paris and in Italy.
Italy.Who was Thomas Aquinas?
Centuries later, law students in the West, especially at Bologna, were still studying it.
What is Justinian’s law code?
This was a state project. The translators were not doing it as a hobby.
What was the translation movement?
Universities, and the arguing done inside them, were this region’s own later contribution.
What was the Latin West’s contribution?
In 1204 a crusading army looted this Christian capital.
What is Constantinople?
His book al-Jabr is why we say “algebra.”
Who was al-Khwarizmi?