Aunt Flo
The rag, shark week, the curse, Bloody Mary, code red.
What are terms to describe menstruation?
Oval-shaped, pea sized structure located in the sphenoid bone of the skull, responsible for synthesis of growth hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), Prolactin (PRL), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing hormone (LH).
What is the anterior pituitary gland?
Primary, and most potent estrogen produced during the premenopausal period - primarily produced in the ovaries.
What is Estradiol (E2)?
Usually lasts from Day 2 to day 14, characterized by the development of ovarian follicles.
What is the Follicular Phase of the Ovarian Cycle?
The Daily Record of Severity of Problems and Pre-Menstrual Symptoms Screening Tool are examples.
What are tools for assessing PMS symptoms?
7 to 9 days or fewer
What is typical variation in the length of a menstrual cycle?
Is dependent on an increased level of estrogen and the LH surge and is the process where the mature ovum is released from the follicle.
What is ovulation?
This hormone is necessary for ovulation and is responsible for maturation of the follicle.
What is Luteinizing Hormone?
Begins at ovulation and lasts the day after ovulation. Does not occur if ovulation does not occur. The endometrium begins to regress towards the end.
What is the Secretory Phase of the Endometrial Cycle?
Prevalence rate of 50 to 90 percent in U.S. women of childbearing age, the most commonly reported menstrual disorder.
What is dysmenorrhea?
Comprised of desquamated endometrial tissue, red blood cells, inflammatory exudates, and proteolytic enzymes.
What is the composition of menstrual fluid?
This structure contains the ovum and is surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells, which are also surrounded by the specialized theca interna and theca externa cells.
What is a Graffian Follicle?
The primary role of this hormone is to induce the development of increased receptors on the granulosa cells and thereby stimulate estrogen production.
What is Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?
Consists of the follicular phase and luteal phase; includes the development and release of the oocyte in the ovary and when follicular growth and maturation occurs.
What is the Ovarian Cycle?
Menstrual pain caused by myometrial contractions occurring in the absence of pelvic pathology and associated with ovulatory cycles. Usual onset is within 1 to 2 years of menarche.
What is primary dysmenorrhea?
24 to 38 days
Normal uterine bleeding and ovulation relies on this complex system of hormones and neurotransmitters.
What is the Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis?
This type of estrogen is synthesized in adipose tissue from adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone.
What is Estrone (E1)?
This phase is influenced by estrogen. Entails the regrowth of endometrium after the menstrual bleed. Starts on the fourth or fifth day of the cycle and lasts approximately 10 days, ending with the release of the ovum.
What is the Proliferative Phase of the Endometrial Cycle?
Acupuncture, aromatherapy, and moxibustion.
What are alternative therapies to reduce dysmenorrhea?
The initiation of menstruation, usually occurs between 12 to 15 years of age.
What is menarche?
Structure in the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis and where the initial pulsatile release of Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) occurs.
What is the hypothalamus?
This hormone is responsible for preparing the mammary gland for lactation and brings about synthesis of milk.
What is prolactin?
Begins with the initiation of menses and lasts 3 to 5 days.
What is the Menstrual Phase of the Endometrial Cycle?
What are dietary supplements used to treat dysmenorrhea?
30 to 80 mL
What is the average amount of blood loss during a menstrual cycle?
This uncommon diagnosis is assigned to patients experiencing severe negative affective symptoms prior to menses.
What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?
This form of estrogen is made by Estrone and the placenta during pregnancy.
What is Estriol (E3)?
Includes the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases. Involves preparation of the inner lining of the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized ovum and shedding of the lining when implantation does not take place.
What is the Uterine Cycle or Endometrial Cycle?
What are NSAIDS?
SSRIs: sertraline, fluoxetine, and paroxetine.
What are medications used to treat premenstrual mood symptoms?
Calcium and curcumin.
What are dietary and herbal supplements used to treat Premenstrual Disorders?
Pulsation of this hormone stimulates release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) resulting in the development of ovarian follicles.
What is Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)?
Luteinizing hormone in this phase causes the follicle's granulosa cells to become enlarged and undergo luteinization and form the corpus luteum.
What is the Luteal Phase of the Ovarian Cycle?
Painful menses associated with underlying pelvic pathology such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
What is secondary dysmenorrhea?
When there is a high amount of estrogen, this biochemical pathway to the anterior pituitary results in a surge of gonadotropins.
What is positive feedback?
Chronic pain disorders, rheumatologic disorders, thyroid disease, irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, or endometriosis.
What are differential diagnoses for premenstrual symptoms?
Cyclic recurrence of symptoms that impair a menstruating person's health, relationships, and occupational functioning. Associated with mood swings, irrational behavior, and sometimes violence.
What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
When progesterone is produced, this biochemical pathway tells the hypothalamus to stop releasing GnRH.
What is negative feedback?
Reduces dysmenorrhea by stabilizing estrogen and progesterone levels and by preventing ovulation.
What are combined hormonal contraceptives?