The Manitoba Act
The Issue of Land
The Metis Move North and West
Lawrence Clarke and the Laws of St. Laurent
What Happened to the Bison?
100
What is the Manitoba Act based off of?
The Metis List of Rights
100
What is a scrip?
A piece of paper that could be used to certify possession of land or be exchanged for money.
100
How did the Metis from Manitoba set up their farmland in the North West Territories?
In traditional pattern: long lots of 200m across and 3km deep stretching back from a river.
100
Who was Lawrence Clark?
A factor at Fort Carlton for the HBC.
100
How many bisons roamed during the 1600s?
70 million
200
What is a militia?
Civilians with military training who are called to service in times of war or unrest
200
What were the 2 kinds of scrips and their values?
Adult - $160 Children - $240
200
Who noticed the alarming decrease in bisons?
Metis and First Nations (such as Blackfoot)
200
How did Clarke treat the Metis and what did he think of them?
Clarke had a negative bias and believed Metis were inferior to him.
200
What were the 4 tribes that depended on the bison hunts?
Blackfoot, Nakoda, Sioux and Metis.
300
What did the Manitoba Act promise the Metis?
Protect the Metis rights, made French and English official languages and provided 2 educational systems. (Protestant and Roman Catholic)
300
Why were the Metis unhappy with the land they received? How were the lands distributed?
The areas of land were in open prairie and up to 6km away from rivers. Land was also distributed by lottery and recipients had no control over where their land grant was located.
300
The 3 main factors that contributed to the Metis economy were?
Bison hunting, self sustaining farming and hauling freight for the HBC.
300
Who did he arrest in 1874 that was seen as an attack on the Metis authority.
Gabriel Dumont and his men.
300
What did American Government encourage?
For the Europeans settlers to slaughter more bisons and force Metis onto reservations.
400
John A. Macdonald sent Canadian troops to "keep the peace".
Who sent Canadian troops to Manitoba to keep the peace? What was the initial intent?
400
What did the Metis eventually sell their lands for? Why did they sell it at such prices?
The Metis had to sell their land for as little as $30-$40. The slow process of land distribution and failing economy of the bisons lead the Metis to near bankruptchy.
400
What did the Metis of St. Laurent do in 1873?
They wrote down and formalized the Laws of St. Laurent.
400
What was special about Gabriel Dumont.
Was expert hunter by age 12 and could speak more than 6 languages.
400
Who did the Metis ask for help in result of dwindling numbers of bison?
The government.
500
The militia harassed the Metis through violence, arson, assault, rape and murder. None were punished for these acts. The militia were more concerned with avenging the execution of Thomas Scott rather than keeping the peace.
What actually happened when the militia arrived in Manitoba? What were the militia more concered with rather than "keeping the peace"?
500
By the mid-1870s, where the Metis move to from Manitoba? (Name 2 places)
Fort Edmonton, on the North Saskatchewan River, North and South Saskatchewan Rivers near Prince Albert.
500
What were the laws based off of and what did they enforce?
They were based off the informal "laws of the prairies" and governed all aspects of life in the community and the regulation of bison hunts.
500
What were 2 laws of the Laws of the St. Laurent.
1. Community was to elect a council and would have authority to rule any disputes in community. 2. Captain of the bison hunt would regulate the hunt and all provisions.
500
What was the driving force in the decline of bison hunting.
The transcontinental railways.
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